Programme/project title: Capacity Building in Government and Related Agencies, Malaysian Energy Centre (PTM)

The following main results have been achieved:

	The capacity of PTM staff, related agencies, and selected universities in energy-sector modelling has been enhanced
	A data collection system and a database have been developed
	A set of customised integrated energy sector analysis tools has been developed
	A set of integrated analyses has been performed
	A website has been developed including a database

Indicate success factors: Capacity developed among relevant members of staff.

Technology transferred: Danish experience in modelling and analysis methodology has been provided.

Programme/project title: Support for Development of a Strategy for Renewable Energy as the Fifth Fuel in Malaysia

Indicate success factors: An objective of 5% energy supply from renewable energy sources was implemented in the 8^th Malaysian Plan

Programme/project title: Support for Development of an Energy Efficiency Strategy in Malaysia

Indicate success factors: The project recommendations are reflected in the 2001 Budget and 8^th Malaysia Plan and an energy efficiency strategy was developed.

Programme/project title: Centre for Education and Training for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

Description: The project aims to establish a Centre for Education and Training for Renewable Energy (RE) and Energy Efficiency (EE) in Malaysia. This will be equipped with publicity materials, training modules, portable exhibition kit, a website and necessary office equipment to carry out training and dissemination activities in RE and EE. The project will also develop education and training materials in RE and EE for schools and universities.

Indicate success factors: The project has suggested initiating the establishment of a long-term plan to serve as an input for the scheduled mid-term review of 8^th Malaysian Plan in second half of 2003. This is reflected in the 2001 Budget and 8^th Malaysia Plan.

Programme/project title: Energy Efficient Building Design for MECM as Key Demonstration Building for Energy Use Performance and Environmental Qualities in Malaysia

Description: The Ministry of Energy, Communications and Multimedia (MECM) will move to a new building in the new Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya by the end of 2003. It is the intention of the MECM that the MECM Building in Putrajaya is to be a model building with leading-edge communications and multimedia facilities, low energy consumption and with minimal impact upon the environment. The focus is on energy use performance and environmental qualities. This means that the building design process will be based on an energy-conscious concept, taking into consideration the various aspects of building design, such as geographical orientation, the choice of outer layer of the building, energy efficient lighting and cooling system and overall integrated control and monitoring of the building utilities, functions, etc.

On the awareness side, the project has created a lot of interest among public institutions and private building practitioners, architects, engineers, and building developers. This was evident from their active participation in the various workshops conducted during the project. A request for additional follow-up activities has been approved.

Technology transferred: Danish experience and methodology on building design features, energy saving features etc.

Programme/project title: Zafarana wind farm in Egypt

Description: The project is the first commercial wind farm in Egypt. It followed up on preliminary Danish assistance projects that included a wind atlas, planning of wind turbine centres and the construction of a demonstration wind farm. The wind farm, which has a total capacity of 60 MW, is divided into two phases. Phase 1, 30 MW, was built in 1999-2001 and phase 2 began at the end of 2002.

Technology transferred: Danish wind power technology.

Effect of emissions on greenhouse gases/sinks (if possible): Substitution of fossil fuels with wind power.

Programme/project title: Adjustments to the Building Energy Code, Thailand.

Description: The project is intended to provide support to those responsible for the part of Thailand's building regulations that concerns energy consumption in order to create a qualified basis for adjustment of the regulations. Account is taken of the latest developments within building design and technological and climatic differences across the country – factors that have so far been neglected. The revised building regulations on energy consumption will be designed to enable their incorporation in future comprehensive building regulations covering all technical aspects of the building sector. The results of analyses and studies of energy-efficient building design will be made available to all relevant parties within the building sector in order to increase awareness of the possibilities for energy savings in buildings.

Technology transferred: Danish experience with administration and regulation in the building sector and means of checking compliance with the building regulations will be made available to the Thai authorities.

Effect on emissions of greenhouse gases/sinks (if possible): By reducing energy use in buildings, which is largely based on fossil fuels, CO₂ emissions is reduced.

Programme/project title: Provincial Programme for Sustainable Energy in Thailand.

Description: Geographically, the target area is the Isaan region in northeast Thailand. Project activities include collection of data, preparation of RE plans at village level, implementation of RE projects, training in RE technology, information on renewable energy, seminars on renewable energy and establishment of three renewable energy and environment centres. Renewable energy technology will be promoted through support for actual projects showing alternatives to centralised fossil-based energy production.

Effect on emissions of greenhouse gases/sinks (if possible): By promoting alternatives to fossil fuel-based energy production, greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced.

Programme/project title: Kiev District Heating Rehabilitation

Besides the work on the distribution grid, CO₂-foamed (Danish) district heating pipes were supplied to some of the apartment buildings affected.

Indicate success factors: The biggest possible energy saving to convince Kyivenergo that it is right to implement energy savings in the distribution grid.

Technology transferred: Equipment for substations in the district heating grid and supply of district heating pipes.

Effect on emissions of greenhouse gases/sinks (if possible): Documented CO₂-displacement: 7,100 t/year

Programme/project title: Establishment of three natural gas-fired CHP plants in Decin

The switch to natural gas and the establishment of two of the CHP plants have resulted in a big reduction in dust emissions, with directly measurable effects on the population's health. Before the project Decin had the Czech Republic's highest child mortality and the largest number of people with respiratory diseases – more than twice the average number. Total support: DKK 23 mill.

Indicate success factors: Better public health

Technology transferred: Natural gas-fired CHP plants, pre-insulated district heating pipes, other equipment, client consultancy, invitation for tenders

Programme/project title: Establishment of woodchip-fired plant at Petroffskoye District Heating Plant

Description: An old, inefficient, coal-fired district heating plant has been replaced by a modern, fully automatic woodchip-fired plant (4 MW) made in Denmark. DANCEE grant: DKK 4.2 mill. The plant is not completely financially viable because of considerable price subsidies for heating purposes in Russia. For oil-fired plants, changing to woodchip firing is viable, but lack of financing possibilities and big import taxes on woodchip firing equipment is preventing further spread of the technology for the time being. Use of local biomass waste from the timber industry is contributing to economic growth and employment in the local area.

Technology transferred: Equipment for firing with wood waste in district heating boilers with dust filters and monitoring equipment.

Effect on emissions of greenhouse gases/sinks (if possible): Expected CO₂ displacement: 9,900 tonnes

Programme/project title: Use of sawdust for heat supply in Tasca, Rumania

Description: In Rumania sawdust is generally regarded as waste and a great deal of it is deposited unlawfully in the countryside and often along riverbanks. The village used to receive district heat from a nearby cement factory, but when the factory was privatised to a German group, it was announced that the district heat supply was going to be discontinued. A new, sawdust-fired boiler plant with a capacity of 2.5 MW was therefore established, together with a new district heating grid with pre-insulated district heating pipes connecting the boiler plant to all consumers. Connection units for production of hot utility water for the individual buildings were supplied and fitted. A structure was established for collecting sawdust from the small sawmills in the district. Total cost of Danish consultancy and equipment: DKK 8,380,737.

Indicate success factors:

Technology transferred: Complete boiler plant, pre-insulated district heating pipes and exchange units for connection of consumers

Programme/project title: Establishment of a geothermal plant for supplying district heat to Zakopane and Nowy Targ in southern Poland

Description: In 1980 hot groundwater was discovered at a depth of 2,000 metres in connection with exploratory drilling for oil. After a number of teething problems the Danish Environmental Protection Agency became involved in the project in 1992 and, among other things, provided support to make the project viable, both technologically and financially. Various feasibility studies, preliminary design, design, establishment of organisation, equipment supplies, etc. have been carried out. When completed, the plant is intended to supply heat to the main towns Zakopane and Nowy Targ and villages between them, in all to about 80,000 people. At the present time, with the peak-load plant supplying Zakopane with district heat, there is already a visible improvement of the environment, which is important because the town is Poland's largest winter sports area. Total Danish support: DKK 24 mill.

Indicate success factors: Improved public health and a clean town mean more tourists (now 3 million per year)

Technology transferred: Equipment, pre-insulated district heating pipes, exchangers, which are called Redan in the area, etc., design, financial analyses, building up of organisation, etc.

Programme/project title: Establishment of natural gas-fired CHP plant in the town of Põlva in Estonia

Description: The project was the establishment of a small-scale natural gas-fired CHP plant in the town of Põlva (1 MW electricity and 1.2 MW heat). The project included a feasibility study, installation of a CHP plant, contracting for access to the electricity grid and sale of electricity to third parties, together with dissemination of knowledge about possibilities for establishing CHP in Estonia (through a seminar and a brochure).

Indicate success factors: High-efficiency CHP plant established. The plant has been in operation for two years. The project has resulted in the following reduction of emissions: CO₂ 7,849 tonnes/year, SO₂ 111 tonnes/year, NO_x 3.2 tonnes/year, particulates 60 tonnes/year and ash 5,551 tonnes/year.

Technology transferred: CHP plant established

Effect on emissions of greenhouse gases/sinks (if possible): Yearly reduction in CO₂ emission: 7,849 tonnes/year

Programme/project title: Demonstration and training project on use of wind energy

Description: A wind farm comprising 20 x 225 kW turbines was established under Danish supervision. An intensive training programme was carried out at the same time for knowledge transfer concerning establishment of wind farms, turbine operation, connecting to the electricity system, etc.

Indicate success factors: A functioning wind farm making a CO₂-less contribution to Kaliningrad's electricity supply and a Russian resource base of trained technicians within wind energy utilisation

Technology transferred: Danish wind turbines and know-how

Effect on emissions of greenhouse gases/sinks (if possible): It is assumed that the displaced electricity in Yantarenergo's supply region came from an oil-fired power station (built in 1935) with an electrical efficiency of 30%. The wind farm, which comprises 20 turbines and has a total capacity of 4.5 MW, is designed to yield almost 2,000 full-load hours/year with an electricity production of around 9,000 MWh/year. CO₂ displacement will be about 7,900 tonnes/year.

Programme/project title: Assistance to Estonia's Ministry of Economic Affairs in connection with preparation and implementation of the EU SAVE Directive 93/76

Description: The project comprised assistance to the Energy Department of the Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs in connection with the preparation and implementation of the EU SAVE Directive 93/76: Establishment of energy inspection and energy management programme for industry and establishment of a programme for energy labelling of buildings. The EU Directive, which is based on the Climate Convention, is aimed at reducing Member States' CO₂ emission through improved energy efficiency. The energy saving potential in end consumption in Estonia is estimated to be around 30%.
The project did not include equipment.
The project was completed in 2002.

Indicate success factors: Establishment of energy saving programmes that are resulting in energy savings and thus in reduced CO₂ emission.

Technology transferred: Transfer of know-how and knowledge

Effect on emissions of greenhouse gases/sinks (if possible): The project has a big potential for reducing CO₂ emissions.

Programme/project title: Energy inspection at Smolensk CHP Plant No. 2.

Description: The project identified 10 different savings measures – six in the electricity sector and four in the heat sector. The potential for electricity savings is in the order of 180,000 – 7,500,000 kWh/year, while the potential for heat savings ranges from 4,000 GJ to 190,000 GJ per year. The payback times range from about one month to 11_ years, with an average payback time of 2_ years for all 10 measures. The total investment for implementation of the proposed measures has been calculated at approximately USD 930,000.

Indicate success factors: It has been proven that, as expected, big savings and very short payback times can be achieved.

Technology transferred: Transfer of know-how and knowledge

Effect on emissions of greenhouse gases/sinks (if possible): If implemented, all the saving measures investigated will result in a reduction in CO₂ emission.