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Survey of Estrogenic Activity in the Danish Aquatic Environment
6 Alternative presentation of study results
For the purpose of this appendix some of the results presented in the main report have been re-arranged so they can be presented in the format that is commonly used for presentation of point source data in
the annual reporting of the national Danish environmental monitoring programme, NOVANA.
This implies that:
- If less than 10% of the analytical results are >LOD, no calculation of geometric or arithmetic mean or 95% percentile is performed;
- If more than 50% of the results are >LOD then the results <LOD are included in the calculation of geometric and arithmetic mean and 95% percentile, and given the value 0.5 x LOD.
- If less than 50% of the results are >LOD then the results <LOD are given the value 0 when the geometric and arithmetic means and the 95% percentile are calculated.
- 95% percentiles are only calculated for the data sets consisting of more than five values.
In this appendix the tables have been given the same numbers and the same captions as in the main report, and they are listed in the following without further explanation.
Table 5.1 Presentation of all bioassay and chemical results for measurement of the Free and total level of estrogen activity (total is measured after enzymatic deconjugation). N, the number of
samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples >LOD and total number of samples.
| E2-equiv. |
Biological assay (ng/L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| Free |
119/192/311 |
0.3 |
8.6 |
58.0 |
0.0 |
217 |
| Total |
79/239/318 |
0.6 |
8.9 |
61.8 |
0.1 |
272 |
| |
| E2-equiv. |
Chemical analysis (ng/L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| Free |
24/132/156 |
0.3 |
8.8 |
51.1 |
0.05 |
140 |
| Total |
8/136/144 |
0.8 |
10.3 |
49.0 |
0.05 |
160 |
Table 5.2. Presentation of chemical results for measurement of free estrogens. N, the number of samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples >LOD and total number of
samples.
| Chemical analysis, free |
nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| Estrone (E1) |
25/131/156 |
0.9 |
18.8 |
102.7 |
0.1 |
305 |
| 17-Estradiol (E2) |
76/50/126 |
0.0 |
1.9 |
9.8 |
0.0 |
69.1 |
| 17-Estradiol (E2) |
88/68/156 |
0.0 |
3.1 |
17.0 |
0.0 |
74.1 |
| Ethynylestradiol (EE2) |
138/18/156 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.6 |
0.0 |
5.1 |
Table 5.3. Presentation of chemical results for measurement of total estrogens. N, the number of samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples >LOD and total number of
samples.
| Chemical analysis, total |
nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95% percentile |
min |
max |
| Estrone (E1) |
10/134/144 |
1.8 |
21.6 |
117 |
0.1 |
306 |
| 17-Estradiol (E2) |
72/58/134 |
0.0 |
2.1 |
9.9 |
0.0 |
51.9 |
| 17-Estradiol (E2) |
53/91/144 |
0.2 |
3.7 |
18.8 |
0.1 |
67.7 |
| Ethynylestradiol (EE2) |
103/41/144 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
2.4 |
0.0 |
5.3 |
Table 6.1 Free and total estrogenic activity in the influents to wastewater treatment plants in categories A-F. Measured with YES-assay and given as ng E2 equivalents/L. N, the number of
samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples >LOD and total number of samples.
| Category |
Type |
Biological assay, free (ng E2 equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| A |
MBND(C) |
0/2/2 |
40.3 |
40.3 |
|
36.3 |
44.4 |
| B |
MBN(C) |
0/2/2 |
94.9 |
94.9 |
|
87.6 |
102.2 |
| C |
MB(C) |
0/2/2 |
40.5 |
40.5 |
|
24.0 |
56.9 |
| D |
M(C) |
0/2/2 |
23.8 |
23.8 |
|
14.8 |
32.8 |
| E |
Reed bed |
0/3/3 |
44.7 |
43.3 |
|
25.2 |
60.1 |
| F |
Sand filter |
0/3/3 |
84.8 |
225 |
|
68.3 |
521 |
| A-F |
|
0/14/14 |
50.8 |
85.9 |
248 |
14.8 |
521 |
| |
| Category |
Type |
Biological assay, total (ng E2 equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| A |
MBND(C) |
0/2/2 |
48.7 |
48.7 |
|
40.7 |
56.6 |
| B |
MBN(C) |
0/2/2 |
84.1 |
84.1 |
|
77.9 |
90.3 |
| C |
MB(C) |
0/2/2 |
46.4 |
46.4 |
|
23.2 |
69.5 |
| D |
M(C) |
0/2/2 |
18.9 |
18.9 |
|
15.4 |
22.3 |
| E |
Reed bed |
0/3/3 |
43.7 |
43.8 |
|
29.8 |
57.9 |
| F |
Sand filter |
0/4/4 |
90.2 |
157 |
|
63.0 |
385 |
| A-F |
|
0/15/15 |
57.9 |
77.0 |
191 |
15.4 |
385 |
Table 6.2 Free and total estrogenic activity in the influents to wastewater treatment plants in categories A-F. Three individual estrogens measured chemically and recalculated as ng E2
equivalents/L. N, the number of samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples >LOD and total number of samples.
| Category |
Type |
Chemical analysis, free (ng E2 equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| A |
MBND(C) |
0/2/2 |
34.7 |
34.7 |
|
22.1 |
47.3 |
| B |
MBN(C) |
0/2/2 |
35.6 |
35.6 |
|
33.7 |
37.5 |
| C |
MB(C) |
0/2/2 |
22.2 |
22.2 |
|
13.4 |
30.9 |
| D |
M(C) |
0/2/2 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
|
11.4 |
16.7 |
| E |
Reed bed |
0/3/3 |
16.7 |
17.8 |
|
9.4 |
27.3 |
| F |
Sand filter |
0/3/3 |
52.2 |
77.5 |
|
40.1 |
140 |
| A-F |
|
0/14/14 |
29.1 |
35.6 |
83 |
9.4 |
140 |
| |
| Category |
Type |
Chemical analysis, total (ng E2 equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| A |
MBND(C) |
0/2/2 |
29.8 |
29.8 |
|
22.4 |
37.2 |
| B |
MBN(C) |
0/2/2 |
39.3 |
39.3 |
|
37.9 |
40.7 |
| C |
MB(C) |
0/2/2 |
23.7 |
23.7 |
|
12.7 |
34.7 |
| D |
M(C) |
0/2/2 |
15.1 |
15.1 |
|
12.7 |
17.5 |
| E |
Reed bed |
0/3/3 |
22.3 |
24.0 |
|
17.2 |
32.6 |
| F |
Sand filter |
0/3/3 |
42.3 |
79.7 |
|
37.0 |
160 |
| A-F |
|
0/14/14 |
33.6 |
37.6 |
83.4 |
12.7 |
160 |
Table 6.3 Free and total estrogenic activity in the effluents from wastewater treatment plants in categories A-F. Measured with YES-assay and given as ng E2 equivalents/L.
N, the number of samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples >LOD and total number of samples.
| Category |
Type |
Biological assay, free (ng E2 equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| A |
MBND(C) |
5/10/15 |
1.8 |
5.0 |
19.1 |
0.05 |
30.4 |
| B |
MBN(C) |
0/12/12 |
1.7 |
9.8 |
46.6 |
0.3 |
82.4 |
| C |
MB(C) |
0/12/12 |
56.2 |
64.1 |
157.3 |
2.0 |
217 |
| D |
M(C) |
0/15/15 |
22.7 |
46.9 |
142.1 |
4.3 |
168 |
| E |
Reed bed |
2/8/10 |
7.6 |
6.9 |
16.1 |
0.05 |
17.5 |
| F |
Sand filter |
6/3/9 |
0.0 |
2.0 |
10.6 |
0.0 |
17.5 |
| A-F |
|
13/64/73 |
7.0 |
24.0 |
114 |
0.05 |
217 |
| |
| Category |
Type |
Biological assay, total (ng E2-equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| A |
MBND(C) |
4/12/16 |
2.5 |
9.7 |
36.8 |
0.05 |
83.3 |
| B |
MBN(C) |
0/12/12 |
2.3 |
10.5 |
49.8 |
0.3 |
88.3 |
| C |
MB(C) |
0/12/12 |
54.7 |
71.0 |
182 |
2.6 |
272 |
| D |
M(C) |
0/15/15 |
25.2 |
44.0 |
120 |
6.2 |
136 |
| E |
Reed bed |
0/10/10 |
7.8 |
8.0 |
19.1 |
0.6 |
19.1 |
| F |
Sand filter |
5/5/10 |
0.1 |
2.0 |
10.2 |
0.13 |
17.5 |
| A-F |
|
9/66/75 |
7.3 |
25.3 |
109 |
0.05 |
272 |
Table 6.4 Free and total estrogenic activity in the effluents from wastewater treatment plants in categories A-F. Three Individual estrogens measured chemically and recalculated to ng E2
equivalents/L. N, the number of samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples >LOD and total number of samples.
| Category |
Type |
Chemical analysis, free (ng E2-equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
Min |
max |
| A |
MBND(C) |
2/6/8 |
0.7 |
2.9 |
11.7 |
0.05 |
15.5 |
| B |
MBN(C) |
1/7/8 |
0.5 |
1.3 |
4.6 |
0.05 |
6.5 |
| C |
MB(C) |
0/8/8 |
29.5 |
35.8 |
65.2 |
20 |
71.3 |
| D |
M(C) |
0/13/13 |
9.0 |
31.5 |
93.9 |
2.4 |
123 |
| E |
Reed bed |
1/7/8 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
5.5 |
0.05 |
5.8 |
| F |
Sand filter |
6/4/10 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
1.5 |
0.0 |
2.2 |
| A-F |
|
19/45/55 |
2.6 |
13.8 |
72.1 |
0.05 |
123 |
| |
| Category |
Type |
Chemical analysis, total (ng E2-equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
Min |
max |
| A |
MBND(C) |
0/8/8 |
1.1 |
3.7 |
13.0 |
0.2 |
15.1 |
| B |
MBN(C) |
0/8/8 |
0.8 |
1.8 |
5.9 |
0.2 |
8.2 |
| C |
MB(C) |
0/8/8 |
39.1 |
42.2 |
67.9 |
24.9 |
77.9 |
| D |
M(C) |
0/13/13 |
17.8 |
31.6 |
79.5 |
2.3 |
97.6 |
| E |
Reed bed |
0/8/8 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
7.7 |
1.0 |
8.2 |
| F |
Sand filter |
2/8/10 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
1.5 |
0.05 |
2.1 |
| A-F |
|
2/53/55 |
4.3 |
15.1 |
49.0 |
0.1 |
97.6 |
Table 6.5 Presentation of chemical results for measurement of free and total estrogens in WWTP effluents. N, the number of samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples
>LOD and total number of samples.
Chemical analysis (free)
(ng E2-equiv./L) |
nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| E1 |
10/45/55 |
7.0 |
32.2 |
158 |
0.05 |
305 |
| E2 |
20/23/43 |
0.1 |
3.6 |
15.3 |
0.05 |
69.1 |
| E2 |
20/35/55 |
0.4 |
4.2 |
23.4 |
0.05 |
32.1 |
| EE2 |
44/11/55 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
2.5 |
| |
| Chemical analysis (total)(ng E2-equiv./L) |
nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95% percentile |
min |
max |
| E1 |
2/53/55 |
9.1 |
35.2 |
136 |
0.05 |
229 |
| E2 |
20/28/48 |
0.2 |
3.2 |
16.8 |
0.05 |
51.9 |
| E2 |
16/39/55 |
1.0 |
4.4 |
20.4 |
0.05 |
33.0 |
| EE2 |
30/25/55 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
2.5 |
0.0 |
5.3 |
Table 6.8 Content of free and total estrogenic activity in the effluents from isolated houses and in drains from fields amended with manure and sludge, respectively. Measured with YES-assay
and given as ng Estradiol equivalents/L. N, the number of samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples >LOD and total number of samples.
| Category |
Type |
Biological assay, free (ng E2-equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| G |
Effluents from isolated houses* |
0/8/8 |
73.5 |
83.3 |
155 |
12.6 |
168 |
| H |
Drains from fields amended with manure |
6/2/8 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
1.1 |
| I |
Drains from fields amended with sludge |
1/4/5 |
2.3 |
8.4 |
29.6 |
0.1 |
36.1 |
| |
| Category |
Type |
Biological assay, total (ng E2-equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| G |
Effluents from isolated houses* |
0/8/8 |
67.5 |
73.1 |
128 |
10.1 |
136 |
| H |
Drains from fields amended with manure |
4/4/8 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.9 |
0.1 |
1.1 |
| I |
Drains from fields amended with sludge |
0/5/5 |
0.9 |
7.5 |
26.4 |
0.2 |
32.1 |
Table 6.9 Content of free and total estrogens in the effluents from isolated houses and in drains from fields amended with manure and sludge respectively. Three Individual estrogens measured
chemically and recalculated to ng Estradiol equivalents/L. N, the number of samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples >LOD and total number of samples.
| Category |
Type |
Chemical analysis, free (ng E2-equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| G |
Effluents from isolated houses* |
0/7/7 |
59.5 |
61.6 |
109 |
9.0 |
123 |
| H |
Drains from fields amended with manure |
4/4/8 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
| I |
Drains from fields amended with sludge |
1/4/5 |
1.0 |
4.5 |
15.9 |
0.0 |
19.4 |
| |
| Category |
Type |
Chemical analysis, total (ng E2-equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| G |
Effluents from isolated houses* |
0/7/7 |
58.7 |
56.2 |
88.5 |
7.4 |
97.6 |
| H |
Drains from fields amended with manure |
3/5/8 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
2.1 |
0.1 |
3.0 |
| I |
Drains from fields amended with sludge |
1/4/5 |
1.2 |
4.9 |
17.4 |
0.1 |
21.2 |
Table 6.xx (no corresponding table in report - relates to Section 6.2) Free and total estrogenicity in water courses receiving effluents from wastewater treatment plants. Data from both upstream and downstream samples are included in the table. N, the number of samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples >LOD and total number of samples.
| Category |
Type |
Biological assay (ng E2 equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| L |
Free |
53/62/115 |
0.2 |
1.6 |
2.7 |
0.1 |
37.7 |
| L |
Total |
44/82/116 |
0.5 |
1.7 |
3.0 |
0.1 |
31.2 |
| |
| Category |
Type |
Chemical analysis (ng E2 equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| L |
Free |
6/31/37 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
1.6 |
0.0 |
2.7 |
| L |
Total |
1/24/25 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
1.5 |
0.1 |
2.3 |
Table 7.1 Free and total estrogenic activity in various sub-categories of the aquatic environment in Denmark. Measured with YES-assay and presented as ng E2 equiv./L. N, the number of
samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples >LOD and total number of samples.
| Category |
Type |
Biological assay, free (ng E2-equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| Lu(U) |
Rivers/streams in urban areas, upstream |
7/6/13 |
0.0 |
0.5 |
2.5 |
0.0 |
3.6 |
| M |
Streams/rivers, general |
34/35/69 |
0.05 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
0.05 |
2.7 |
| N |
Streams/rivers in husbandry areas |
2/7/9 |
0.4 |
1.4 |
5.4 |
0.05 |
8.2 |
| O |
Lakes in husbandry areas |
0/6/6 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
2.4 |
0.1 |
3.1 |
| P |
Reference streams (background) |
10/1/11 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.03 |
| Q |
Reference lakes (background) |
6/6/12 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
3.7 |
0.05 |
6.2 |
| R |
Lakes, general |
6/3/9 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
2.1 |
0.0 |
2.8 |
| |
| Category |
Type |
Biological assay, total (ng E2-equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| Lu(U) |
Rivers/streams in urban areas, upstream |
4/10/14 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
2.6 |
0.05 |
2.7 |
| M |
Streams/rivers, general |
25/44/69 |
0.3 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
0.05 |
6.1 |
| N |
Streams/rivers in husbandry areas |
1/8/9 |
0.5 |
1.5 |
5.6 |
0.05 |
8.8 |
| O |
Lakes in husbandry areas |
1/5/6 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
2.4 |
0.05 |
2.8 |
| P |
Reference streams (background) |
6/5/11 |
0.0 |
0.7 |
3.8 |
0.0 |
7.3 |
| Q |
Reference lakes (background) |
2/9/11 |
0.3 |
0.9 |
3.5 |
0.05 |
6.0 |
| R |
Lakes, general |
5/4/9 |
0.0 |
0.6 |
2.3 |
0.0 |
2.9 |
Table 7.2 Free and total estrogens in various sub-categories of the aquatic environment in Denmark. Three Individual estrogens measured chemically and recalculated to ng E2 equiv./L. N, the
number of samples, is separated into samples <LOD ('clean' samples), samples >LOD and total number of samples.
| Category |
Type |
Chemical analysis, free (ng E2-equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| Lu(U) |
Rivers/streams in urban areas, upstream |
1/4/5 |
0.1 |
0.6 |
|
0.03 |
1.5 |
| M |
Streams/rivers, general |
4/14/18 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.05 |
0.3 |
| N |
Streams/rivers in husbandry areas |
0/6/6 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
0.07 |
0.9 |
| O |
Lakes in husbandry areas |
0/4/4 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
|
0.1 |
1.4 |
| P |
Reference streams (background) |
1/2/3 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
|
0.02 |
0.1 |
| Q |
Reference lakes (background) |
0/5/5 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
|
0.07 |
0.8 |
| R |
Lakes, general |
0/4/4 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
|
0.1 |
1.7 |
| |
| Category |
Type |
Chemical analysis, total (ng E2-equiv./L) |
| nbelow/above/all |
median |
average |
95%
percentile |
min |
max |
| Lu(U) |
Rivers/streams in urban areas, upstream |
0/3/3 |
0.1 |
0.8 |
|
0.09 |
1.5 |
| M |
Streams/rivers, general |
1/14/15 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0.05 |
0.8 |
| N |
Streams/rivers in husbandry areas |
0/6/6 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
0.08 |
0.9 |
| O |
Lakes in husbandry areas |
0/4/4 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
|
0.2 |
1.5 |
| P |
Reference streams (background) |
0/3/3 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
|
0.05 |
0.08 |
| Q |
Reference lakes (background) |
0/5/5 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
|
0.07 |
0.9 |
| R |
Lakes, general |
0/4/4 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
|
0.2 |
6.0 |
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Version 1.0 Januar 2005, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency
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