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Survey and assessmens of chemical substances in glass and porcelain colours
Preface
List of Abbreviations
Hazard symbols and R-phrases used
The Danish Environment Protection Agency (DEPA) has taken an initiative to illustrate the consumers' exposure to chemical substances in consumer products. Several product categories, e.g. hair styling
products, hygiene products and glass and porcelain colours for hobby use are covered by the process.
The aim of the project is to give an overview of substances in both CE labelled and non-CE labelled glass and porcelain colours. The survey is based on information from producers, suppliers and other
relevant sources.
It has furthermore been the intention to make a human and ecotoxicological assessment of selected substances in the products and to estimate the volume of the impact the consumers and the environment are
exposed to if possible. The human and eco toxic assessment is carried out in view of giving input to a possible future risk assessment with special focus on the human toxicological impact and children's
possible exposure to the substances.
At the same time it is the intention to document the content of selected chemical substances through chemical analysis of a number of products available on the market. Finally, the need for additional chemical
analysis has been assessed based on the results from this survey.
The project report "Survey and assessment of chemical substances in glass and porcelain colours" includes an overview of the manufacturers whose products are on the Danish market, the most important
suppliers of the products and the products on the Danish market.
In an overview form, the substances of the glass and porcelain colours are categorised as pigments, binders and additives. The chemical name of the substance, formula, CAS no. and selected physical
properties are listed.
The project began in October 2001. Phase 1 ended in December 2001 and Phase 2 in June 2003. However a few analyses were repeated on 4 new products in September 2004. The report was sent in
hearing in May 2005 and verification that the ingredients in P1 and P2 have been changed so that they no longer contain 2-butanonoxim has been obtained by the Danish EPA. Furthermore we have been
informed that product P12 is no longer on the marked. Product P6 contains methylpyrrolidone but the large content has been ascribed to analysis uncertainty as the manufacturer has provided proof of a
lower content based on the recipe and therefore hazard labelling is not required.
The project was carried out by COWI A/S. MILJØ-KEMI, Dansk Miljø Center A/S (now Eurofins Denmark A/S) has made the analysis of selected glass and porcelain colours. The project consisted of
Sonja Hagen Mikkelsen (project manager), Sven Havelund, Anders Skibsted Mogensen and Frank Stuer-Lauridsen (quality assurance).
Contact persons in DEPA were Shima Dobel, Annette Orloff and Lise Emmy Møller, Consumer Section, Chemicals Division.
List of Abbreviations
| BCF |
Bioconcentration factor. The bio concentration factor shows how many times higher the content is in the organism than in the surrounding water at equilibrium. |
| CAS nr. |
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number |
| C.I. nr. |
Colour Index number |
| EC50 |
The concentration of a chemical which causes a certain effect at 50% of the test organisms (Effect concentration) |
| HAD |
Hexamethylene diamine |
| HDI |
Hexane diisocyanate |
| HMDI |
Hexamethylene diisocyanate |
| Kow |
Octanol/water partition coefficient |
| LC50 |
The concentration of a chemical that causes death of 50% of the test animals (Lethal concentration) |
| LD50 |
The dose of a chemical that causes death of 50% of the test animals (Lethal dose) |
| MW |
Molecular Weight |
| NOAEL |
No Observed Adverse Effect Level (the highest level of the chemical which has no effect on the test animals) |
| NOEC |
No Observed Effect Concentration (the highest concentration of the chemical which has no effect on the test organisms) |
| RSD |
Relative Standard Deviation |
| S |
Solubility |
| TDI |
Toluene diisocyanate |
Hazard symbols and R-phrases used
| Hazard symbols |
| Xi |
Irritant |
| Xn |
Harmful |
| C |
Corrosive |
| T |
Toxic |
| Tx |
Very Toxic |
| N |
Dangerous to the environment |
R-phrases |
| R10 |
Flammable |
| R20 |
Harmful by inhalation |
| R21 |
Harmful in contact with skin |
| R22 |
Harmful if swallowed |
| R23 |
Toxic by inhalation |
| R24 |
Toxic in contact with skin |
| R25 |
Toxic if swallowed |
| R34 |
Causes burns |
| R35 |
Causes serious burns |
| R36 |
Irritating to eyes |
| R37 |
Irritating to respiratory system |
| R38 |
Irritating to skin |
| R40 |
Possible risk of cancer |
| R41 |
Risk of serious damage to eyes |
| R42 |
May cause sensitization by inhalation |
| R43 |
May cause sensitization by skin contact |
| R45 |
May cause cancer |
| R50 |
Very toxic to aquatic organisms |
| R51 |
Toxic to aquatic organisms |
| R52 |
Harmful to aquatic organisms |
| R53 |
May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment |
| R65 |
Dangerous: may cause damage to the lungs if swallowed |
Combinations of R-phrases |
| R20/22 |
Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed |
| R20/21/22 |
Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed |
| R21/22 |
Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed |
| R23/24/25 |
Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed |
| R36/38 |
Irritating to eyes and skin |
| R36/37/38 |
Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin |
| R37/38 |
Irritating to respiratory system and skin |
| R42/43 |
May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact |
| R51/53 |
Toxic to aquatic organisms; may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
| R52/53 |
Harmful to aquatic organisms; may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
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Version 1.0 July 2005, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency
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