Appendix 2: Constituents of a number of essential oils

Survey and health assessment of chemical substances in essential oils and fragrance oils

On a homepage for a British fragrance producer, The Good Scents Company (http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/) there are detailed lists of the composure of constituents of more than 60 different essential oils.

The lists are taken from various scientific articles referred to in the American magazine Perfumes & Fragrances (P&F). As the content of chemical substances in essential oils will vary according to the specific sort of the plan, growth conditions, climate conditions, etc. there will be a variation in the composure, but the lists gives a good hint on what to expect.

Lemongrass oil

Lemongrass oil. Cas No 8007-02-1

Content i %	Substance
22,7	beta-caryophyllene
18,5	T-cadinol
10,3	(E)-alpha-bergamotene
10,1	alpha-humulene
8,3	eugenol
5,4	(E)-methyl cinnamate
3,4	cubenol
3,2	linalool
2,8	spathulenol
2,2	caryophyllene oxide
2,1	gamma-cadinene
0,8	(Z)-delta-bisabolene
0,6	alpha-copaene
0,4	beta-elemene
trace	methyl chavicol

References:

C-K. Shu and B. M. Lawrence, Reasons for the variation in composition of some commercial oils. In: Spices, Flavor chemistry and antioxidant Properties. Edits., S. J. Risch and C-T. Ho, pp. 183-195, Amer. Chem. Soc. Symposium Series 660, A.C.S., Washington (1997).

P&F 23, No. 4, 37, (1998) Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL.

Lemon oil

Lemon oil, California. CAS No. 8008-56-8

Content i %	Substance
65,65	limonene + 1,8-cineole + (E)-beta-ocimene
11,13	beta-Pinene
8,32	gamma-terpinene
1,85	sabinene
1,75	alpha-Pinene
1,58	Myrcene
1,18	geranial
0,74	neral
0,6	neryl acetate
0,55	beta-bisabolene
0,52	geranyl acetate
0,38	(E)-alpha-bergamotene + citronellyl propionate
0,38	alpha-thujene
0,34	Terpinolene
0,22	beta-caryophyllene
0,16	alpha-terpinene
0,16	alpha-terpineol
0,14	para-Cymene
0,13	(Z)-sabinene hydrate + linalool
0,12	nonanal
0,11	terpinen-4-ol
0,09	(E)-beta-ocimene
0,08	citronellal
0,08	octanal
0,06	camphene
0,06	citronellol + nerol
0,05	decanal
0,04	alpha-bisabolol
0,04	alpha-phellandrene
0,03	(Z)-alpha-bergamotene
0,03	campherenol
0,03	citronellyl acetate
0,03	2,3-dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-norbonanol
0,03	(E)-beta-farnesene
0,03	geraniol
0,03	perillaldehyde
0,03	undecanal
0,02	alpha-humulene
0,01	borneol
0,01	exo-(Z)-4,7-dimethyl bicyclo(3.2.1)oct-3-en-6-one
0,01	dodecanal + decyl acetate
0,01	geranyl propionate
0,01	(E)-sabinene hydrate + octanol
0,01	beta-santalene
0,009	undecyl acetate
0,008	camphor
0,007	(E)-limonene 1,2-oxide
0,007	methyl geranate
0,007	neryl propionate
0,006	(Z)-limonene 1,2-oxide
0,004	No. 50dol
0,004	piperitone

References:

T. S. Chamblee, B. C. Clark. G. B. Brewster, T. Radford and G. A. Iacobucci, Quantitative analysis of the volatile constituents of lemon peel oil. Effects of silica gel chromatography on the imposition of its hydrocarbon and oxygenated fractions. J. Agric, Food Chem., 39, 162-169 (1991).

P&F 17, No. 1, 45, (1992) Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL.

Rosemary oil

Rosemary oil, Morocco. CAS No: 8000-25-7

Content i %	Substance
9,56-12,72	alpha-Pinene
7,42-10,80	camphor
5,53-7,83	beta-Pinene
43,53-53,48	1,8-cineole
3,21-3,98	camphene
3,00-4,51	borneol
2,41-4,32	beta-caryophyllene
1,86-2,06	limonene
1,27-1,60	Myrcene
0,99-1,40	para-Cymene
0,93-1,19	gamma-terpinene
0,73-1,76	linalool
0,69-0,91	terpinen-4-ol
0,52-0,66	alpha-terpinene
0,37-0,51	beta-farnesene
0,29-0,36	Terpinolene
0,27-5,43	alpha-humulene
0,18-0,77	delta-cadinene
0,15-0,20	delta-3-carene
0,14-0,21	sabinene
0,12-0,86	bornyl acetate
0,10-0,23	tricyclene
0,08-0,98	alpha-cadinene
0,06-0,13	beta-bisabolene
0,04-0,19	(E)-sabinene hydrate
0,04-0,13	isopinocamphone
0,00-trace	6,6-dimethyl(3.1.1)bicyclohept-3-ene-2-butylene
0,00-trace	alpha-thujene
0,00-2,46	alpha-terpineol
0,00-0,80	alpha-santalene
0,00-0,46	verbenone
0,00-0,30	lavandulyl acetate
0,00-0,27	(Z)-beta-ocimene
0,00-0,23	lavandulol
0,00-0,13	germacrene D
0,00-0,13	gamma-muurolene
0,00-0,12	viridiflorene
0,00-0,11	T-cadinol
0,00-0,10	caryophyllene oxide
0,00-0,10	nerol
0,00-0,07	geranyl acetate
0,00-0,06	(E)-beta-ocimene
0,00-0,05	geraniol
0,00-0,02	linalyl acetate

References:

J. C. Chalchat, R. P. Garry, A. Michet, B. Benjilali and J. L. Chabart, Essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The chemical composition of the oils of various origins (Morocco, Spain, France). J. Essent. Oil Res., 5, 613-618 (1993).

P&F 20, No. 1, 47, (1995) Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL.

Rosemary oil, Spain. CAS No: 8000-25-7

Content i %	Substance
27,3	camphor
22,2	1,8-cineole
10,8	gamma-terpinene
9	borneol
6,3	verbenone
4,4	alpha-Pinene
3,8	alpha-terpineol
3,2	alpha-phellandrene
2,8	camphene
1,8	para-Cymene
1,7	beta-caryophyllene
1,6	terpinen-4-ol
1,4	bornyl acetate
1,3	linalool
1	sabinene
0,8	alpha-humulene
0,5	delta-3-carene
0,3	gamma-eudesmol
0,3	beta-Pinene
0,2	carvacrol
0,2	caryophyllene oxide

References:

C. Bourrel, G. Vilarem, G. Michel and A. Gase, Etude des proprietes bacteriostatiques et fongistatiques en milieu solide de 24 huiles essentielles preamblement analysees. Rivista Ital. EPPOS, (16), 3-12 (1995).

P&F 22, No. 5, 71, (1997) Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL.

Tea tree oil

Tea tree oil, Australia. CAS No: 68647-73-4

Content i %	Substance
41.1	1,8-cineole
8.7	alpha-terpineol
6.8	para-Cymene
5.9	Terpinolene
4.6	gamma-terpinene
4.1	limonene
3.6	linalool
3.2	alpha-Pinene
2.5	beta-caryophyllene
1.6	alpha-humulene
1.5	alpha-selinene
1.5	beta-selinene
1.5	terpinen-4-ol
1.2	guaiol
0.8	beta-Pinene
0.7	beta-eudesmol
0.6	gamma-eudesmol
0.6	alpha-terpinene
0.5	gamma-curcumene
0.5	alpha-phellandrene
0.4	cadina-1,4-diene
0.4	geraniol
0.3	caryophyllene oxide
0.3	beta-elemene
0.3	alpha-farnesene
0.3	beta-guaiene
0.3	alpha-ylangene
0.2	para-Cymenene
0.2	beta-phellandrene
0.1	Myrcene
trace	bulnesol
trace	delta-cadinene
trace	gamma-cadinene
trace	alpha-cadinol
trace	T-cadinol
trace	calamenene
trace	camphene
trace	delta-3-carene
trace	alpha-copaene
trace	delta-elemene
trace	gamma-elemene
trace	elemol
trace	alpha-maaliene
trace	alpha-muurolol
trace	(E)-beta-ocimene
trace	(Z)-beta-ocimene
trace	beta-sesquiphellandrene
trace	sabinene
trace	thujopsene

References:

D. N. Leach, S. G. Wyllie, J. G. Hall and I. Kyratzis, Enantiomeric composition of the principal components of the oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. J. Agric. Food Sci., 41, 1627-1632 (1993).

P&F 22, No. 2, 59, (1997) Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL.