9 References

Survey and safety assessment of Chemical substances in artificial nails and nail hardeners

1. Miljø- og Energiministeriets bek. nr. 422 af 4. maj 2006 (Bekendtgørelse om kosmetiske produkter), (2006)

2. Formaldehyde. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. (Concise international chemical assessment document; 40

3. SIDS (Screening Information DataSet). Screening Information Data Set for High Production Volume Chemicals; Formaldehydel; CAS No. 50-00-0. Paris, France: UNEP Publications; 2002. SIDS initial Assessment Reports )

4. European Chemicals Bureau (ECB), editor. ESIS. [updated 2007]. Available from: http://ecb.jrc.it/esis/.

5. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland. Thomson MICROMEDEX®, Greenwood Village, Colorado, USA [updated 2007]. Available from: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB.

6. Wibowo A. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals and the Dutch Expert Committe on Occupational Standards. - 132: Formaldehyde. Solna: Arbetslivsinstitutet; 2003. (Arbete och hälsa; 2003:11

7. Wilbur S, et al. Toxicological Profile for Formaldehyde. Atlanta, Ga: United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; 1999.

8. Hilton J, Dearman RJ, Basketter DA, Scholes EW, Kimber I. Experimental assessment of the sensitizing properties of formaldehyde. Food Chem Toxicol. 1996;34(6):571-8.

9. Basketter DA, Kimber I. Predictive testing in contact allergy: facts and future. Allergy. 2001;56(10):937-43.

10. Hilton J, Dearman RJ, Harvey P, Evans P, Basketter DA, Kimber I. Estimation of relative skin sensitizing potency using the local lymph node assay: a comparison of formaldehyde with glutaraldehyde. Am J Contact Dermat. 1998;9(1):29-33.

11. Andersen KE, Boman A, Volund A, Wahlberg JE. Induction of formaldehyde contact sensitivity: dose response relationship in the guinea pig maximization test. Acta Derm Venereol. 1985;65(6):472-8.

12. de Jong WH, ter Beek M, Veenman C, de Klerk, A, van Loveren H. Effects of repeated and prolonged exposure of Low Molecular Weight chemicals on local lymph node responses RIVM; 2005. RIVM report 340300001)

13. IRIS: Integrated Risk Information System. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET®) [updated 2007]. Available from: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/.

14. Naya M, Nakanishi J. Risk assessment of formaldehyde for the general population in Japan. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005;43(3):232-48.

15. Hagiwara M, Watanabe E, Barrett JC, Tsutsui T. Assessment of genotoxicity of 14 chemical agents used in dental practice: ability to induce chromosome aberrations in Syrian hamster embryo cells. Mutat Res. 2006;603(2):111-20.

16. Emri G, Schaefer D, Held B, Herbst C, Zieger W, Horkay I, et al. Low concentrations of formaldehyde induce DNA damage and delay DNA repair after UV irradiation in human skin cells. Exp Dermatol. 2004;13(5):305-15.

17. The Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB). Berkely Lab, [updated 2007]. Available from: http://potency.berkeley.edu/cpdb.html.

18. SIDS (Screening Information DataSet). Screening Information Data Set for High Production Volume Chemicals; 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate; CAS No. 818-61-1. Paris, France: UNEP Publications; 2005. SIDS initial Assessment Reports )

19. ChemIdplus Lite Full Record. ChemIdplus Lite 2007. Available from: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus.

20. Constandt L, Hecke EV, Naeyaert JM, Goossens A. Screening for contact allergy to artificial nails. Contact Dermatitis. 2005;52(2):73-7.

21. Lazarov A. Sensitization to acrylates is a common adverse reaction to artificial fingernails. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007;21(2):169-74.

22. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. - [2]: E-O. 7 ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygenists) Worldwide; 2001.

23. SIDS (Screening Information DataSet). Screening Information Data Set for High Production Volume Chemicals; Hydroxypropyl acrylate; CAS No. 25584-83-2. Paris, France: UNEP Publications; 2002. SIDS initial Assessment Reports )

24. Andersen A.F. Safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients; Final Report of the safety Assessment of Methylacrylate ester monomers used in Nail Enhancement Products. International Journal of Toxicology. 2005;24(Suppl. 5):53-100.

25. Basketter DA, Evans P, Gerberick GF, Kimber IA. Factors affecting thresholds in allergic contact dermatitis: safety and regulatory considerations. Contact Dermatitis. 2002;47(1):1-6.

26. Toxicity Profile: Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate. Carshalton: BIBRA International, Information and Advisory Service; 1988.

27. Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment in Support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances, Commission Regulation (EC) 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances and Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Concerning the Placing of Biocidal Products on the Market. Part I. 2nd ed. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, European Chemicals Bureau, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection; 2003.

28. SCCP. The SCCP's notes of guidance for the testing of cosmetic ingredients and their safety evaluation Scientific Committee on Consumer Products; European Commission; 2006.

29. Wilkinson JD, Shaw S, Andersen KE, Brandao FM, Bruynzeel DP, Bruze M, et al. Monitoring levels of preservative sensitivity in Europe. A 10-year overview (1991-2000). Contact Dermatitis. 2002;46(4):207-10.

30. Baran R. Nail cosmetics: allergies and irritations. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3(8):547-55.

31. Kohl L, Blondeel A, Song M. Allergic contact dermatitis from cosmetics. Retrospective analysis of 819 patch-tested patients. Dermatology. 2002;204(4):334-7.

32. Rietschel RL, Fowler jr JF, editors. Fisher's Contact Dermatitis. 5 ed. Philadelphia, Pa : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins: 2001.

33. Hemmer W, Focke M, Wantke F, Gotz M, Jarisch R. Allergic contact dermatitis to artificial fingernails prepared from UV light-cured acrylates. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996;35(3 Pt 1):377-80.

34. Mowad CM, Ferringer T. Allergic contact dermatitis from acrylates in artificial nails. Dermatitis. 2004;15(1):51-3.

35. Kanerva L, Lauerma A, Estlander T, Alanko K, Henriks-Eckerman ML, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by photobonded sculptured nails and a review of (meth) acrylates in nail cosmetics. Am J Contact Dermat. 1996;7(2):109-15.