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Survey and safety assessment of Chemical substances in artificial nails and nail hardeners

Contents

Preface

Summary and conclusions

1 Introduction

2 Objective

3 Survey

• 3.1 Literature search
• 3.2 Delimination of the survey
• 3.3 Survey
  • 3.3.1 Products on the retail market
  • 3.3.2 Products for professional use
• 3.4 Ingredients of the products
  • 3.4.1 Ingredients in nail hardeners
  • 3.4.2 Ingredients in nail hardeners
• 3.5 Selection for analysis

4 Chemical Analyses

• 4.1 Quantification of formaldehyde in nail hardeners
  • 4.1.1 Quantitative GC-MS method of analysis
  • 4.1.2 Results in % of the GC-MS analyse
• 4.2 Quantification of acrylic compounds in products for manufacture of artificial nails
  • 4.2.1 Method of quantitative GC-MS analysis
  • 4.2.2 Results in % of the GC-MS analysis
• 4.3 Screening for ingredients in products for manufacture of artificial nails
  • 4.3.1 Principle of analyses
  • 4.3.2 Screening results
• 4.4 Quantification of benzophenon or azobenzen
  • 4.4.1 Method of analysis for quantitative GC-MS method
  • 4.4.2 Results in % of the GC-MS analysis
• 4.5 Selection of substances for safety assessment

5 Legislation

• 5.1 Demands on labelling of products
  • 5.1.1 Evaluation of labelling
• 5.2 Classification of ingredients
  • 5.2.1 Classification of formaldehyde
  • 5.2.2 Classification of acrylic compounds
  • 5.2.3 5.2.3 Classification of screened ingredients in products for manufacture of artificial nails

6 Safety assessment

• 6.1 Safety assessment of substances in nail hardeners
  • 6.1.1 Formaldehyde
• 6.2 Safety assessment of substances in artificial nails
  • 6.2.1 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate
  • 6.2.2 2-Hydroxypropyl acrylate
  • 6.2.3 2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate
  • 6.2.4 Ethylene dimethacrylate

7 Exposure and risk assessment

• 7.1 Exposure and risk assessment for consumers using nail hardeners
  • 7.1.1 Risk assessment for systemic effects
  • 7.1.2 Risk assessment for sensitisation
  • 7.1.3 Overall discussion on nail hardeners’
• 7.2 Exposure and risk assessment for consumers using artificial nails
  • 7.2.1 Risk assessment for systemic effects – artificial acrylic nails
  • 7.2.2 Risk assessment for systemic effects – artificial gel nails
  • 7.2.3 Risk assessment for sensitisation – artificial nails
  • 7.2.4 Overall discussion on artificial nails

8 Conclusion

• 8.1 Recommendations to the consumers

9 References

10 Annex

• 10.1 Lifetime exposure to formaldehyde

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Version 1.0 July 2008, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency