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Survey and Health Assessment of Products for Interior Car Care
6 Quantitative analyses and exposure
In consultation with the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, 15 products were selected for quantitative analyses. In addition, four of the products were selected for emission tests, please refer to section 5.4. The selection for quantitative analyses and emission tests was carried out on the basis of results from screening of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, please refer to section 5.2, and related to a screening of the classification and/or determined limit values of possible health hazardous substances, please refer to table 5.25 in section 5.3. The results in this chapter are used in chapter 8 and 9 for health assessments and exposure calculations, respectively.
6.1 Applied analysis methods
The specific parameters of the applied methods are described in the following.
6.1.1 Quantitative analyses for organic compounds
A sample amount (app. 2 g) was weighed and a known amount of dichlormethane (20 ml) was added containing internal standards. The extracts were subsequently analysed by GC/MS, please refer to Table 6.1Table 6.1. Analysis in duplicate was carried out.
The listed compounds were identified by comparing the actual mass spectra with mass spectra in the NIST library (NIST02 Version 2.0) and quantified against the selected external standards. The detection limit is estimated to be 10-50 μg/g and the analysis uncertainty is assessed to be 10%, however, some compounds much higher due to uncertainty during test preparation, please refer to the result tables.
Table 6.1 GC/MS analysis parameters
| GC/MS instrument |
Agilent GC 5890 MS 5972 |
| GC parameters |
Column: CP Sil 8CB low bleed MS, Varian, 30 m x 0.25 mm id., 0.5 μm film thickness
Carrier gas: Helium, constant flow at 1.08 ml/min.
Oven program: 35 ºC i ½ min., 10 ºC/min. at 70 ºC, 30 ºC/min. at 250 ºC, 20 ºC/min. at 320 ºC
Injection: 280 ºC |
| MS parameters |
Scan mode: m/z 29-550
Solvent delay: 2.4 min. |
6.1.2 Description of exposure via inhalation
Many factors influence on the concentrations measured and calculated in the exposure scenario. Some examples are cabin volume, degree of ventilation, temperature, type of product, applied product amount, item surface (to which the product is applied) and the material composition of the item. Within the terms of reference, it was not possible to carry out actual tests in cars or to illustrate different combinations of these factors. Therefore, a worst-case consideration was carried out where a complete evaporation and diffusion profile was measured.
Exposure via inhalation was carried out in a ”box” of app. 420 l (width 100 cm, depth 60 cm, height 70 cm) with the possibility of switching the ventilation on and off (see Enclosure A). An item was placed in the box on which the products were applied, see detailed description below. During the measurements there was only access to the surroundings via two holes in the front of the box so the product could be applied to the item and so the adsorption pipes could be changed. Active air change was not supplied during the investigation in order to simulate a car with closed doors and windows and thus a very limited air change corresponding to leaks in the ventilation system and similar. It is anticipated that the car is almost tight and the air change is set to 0 to describe a worst-case situation.
The four selected products were applied to a surface of 2132 cm². A plate size of 52x41 cm² was used as that size can be placed in the box and it is possible to apply the car care product on the plate inside the box. The applied product amount corresponds to the product amount that typically is used. That means that the car care product was applied in an amount covering the area and it was applied in a sufficient amount, meaning that the car care product started running down the surface.
The materials to which the products were applied and the product amounts that were used are stated in Table 6.2Table 6.2. After application of the products the surface was wiped off with a tissue and the tissue remained in the box 15 minutes after application and then it was removed.
In the light of the plate size and the applied amount per area unit, it is possible to increase the product amount used in a typical car when the area of the different surfaces in a car (vinyl, glass and fabric) is known. Measuring a random car of medium size (Renault Megane) demonstrated that vinyl amounted to app. 1.73 m², windows amounted to app. 2.6 m² and fabric on seats to app. 3.63 m². From that information a factor was calculated between the plate used and the car surfaces (8.1 for vinyl, 12.2 for glass, 17.0 for fabric (seats)), and finally the expected applied amount for an entire car was calculated, see Table 6.2Table 6.2.
The box used for the measurements has a volume of 0.42 m³ while an average car has a volume of 3.5 m³. Therefore, all measurements have to be corrected with the relation between these volumes corresponding to the car cabin being app. one factor 8.3 larger.
Table 6.2 Outline of parameters for exposure scenarios
| Product no. |
Product type |
Applied material
(2132 cm²) |
Applied amount on material |
Expected amount used for a car |
Percentage use of can per application |
| 1 |
Vinyl make-up |
PVC mounted on a glass plate |
2.5 g |
20 g |
8% |
| 5 |
Fabric waterproofing |
Fabric (polyester) mounted on a glass plate |
4.6 g |
78 g |
29% |
| 10 |
Vinyl cleaner |
PVC mounted on a glass plate |
6.4 g |
51 g |
10% |
| 24 |
Glass cleaner |
Glass plate |
3.1 g |
37 g |
7% |
Emission measurements were carried out by means of adsorption pipes, Tenax TA. Known air was sucked from the box through a Tenax pipe by means of which the volatile organic compounds were collected on the pipe. During each measurement the actual air amount was noted in order to calculate the concentration in the air in the box during the specific measuring period (air amount and measuring period appear from the result tables). App. 10% of the air amount in the box was actively removed in order to carry out the measurements corresponding to a minimum air change. The results form a collected expression of the evaporation over time of the most volatile organic compounds and diffusion to the surroundings.
The pipes were subsequently thermally desorbed and analysed by GC/MS, see Table 6.3Table 6.3. The listed compounds were identified by comparing the actual mass spectra with mass spectra in the NIST library (NIST02 Version 2.0) and quantified against toluene. The detection limit of the method is estimated to be 5 ng and the analysis uncertainty of the method is estimated to be 10%. The analysis uncertainty of the analyses in duplicate appears from the result tables.
Table 6.3 GC/MS analysis parameters for exposure via inhalation
| GC/MS instrument |
Perkin Elmer ATD 400/Auto system XL/Turbomass |
| GC parameters |
Column: CP Sil 8CB low bleed MS, Varian, 30 m x 0.25 mm id., 0.5 μm film thickness
Carrier gas: Helium, constant flow at 1.08 ml/min.
Oven program: 40 ºC for 2 min., 6 ºC/min. at 100 ºC, 20 ºC/min. at 290 ºC, 2½ min. at 290 ºC
Desorption of Tenax TA: 15 min., 280 ºC |
| MS parameters |
Scan mode: m/z 29-450 |
6.2 Results of quantitative analyses and exposure
In the following, the results are presented from the quantitative GC/MS analyses and measurements of exposure via inhalation for the selected products.
6.2.1 Results of content of organic compounds
The tables below show the results of the quantitative analyses of selected organic compounds in 15 products. The results are an average of analyses in duplicate and the standard deviation of the results is stated. The results have been organised according to product type.
Table 6.4 Results of vinyl make-up, quantitative GC/MS, mg/g sample
| Identification |
CAS no. |
Sample no. |
| 1 |
2 |
25 |
| Hydrocarbons, C6-C8* |
|
110 ± 20 |
160 ± 10 |
- |
| Hydrocarbons, C10-C14** |
|
140 ± 10 |
59 ± 1 |
|
| 1-Acetonaphthon*** |
941-98-0 |
- |
0.04 ± 0.03 |
- |
| Toluene |
108-88-3 |
0.016 ± 0.001 |
- |
- |
| Ethyl benzene and xylenes |
100-41-4, 95-47-6, 108-38-3, 106-42-3 |
0.053 ± 0.008 |
- |
- |
| α-pinen |
80-56-8 |
1.5 ± 0.1 |
- |
- |
| β-pinen |
127-91-3 |
0.34 ± 0.03 |
- |
- |
| Diethyl phthalate |
84-66-2 |
- |
0.32 ± 0.02 |
- |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) |
117-81-7 |
0.032 ± 0.002 |
- |
0.25 ± 0.03 |
- Means the compound was not detected.
* This group covers e.g. heptane, methyl cyclohexane, cyclohexane, hexane. Calculated against the external standard for octane.
** This group covers hydrocarbons with boiling points corresponding to decane and dodecane as well as isomerics of tridecane and tetradecane. Calculated against the external standard of dodecane.
*** The result of 1-Acetonaphthone is an estimate as it cannot be distinguished from a siloxane compound and has been calculated against an internal standard.
Table 6.5 Results of glass cleaners, quantitative GC/MS, mg/g sample
| Identification |
CAS no. |
Sample no. |
| 23 |
24 |
37 |
| Hydrocarbons, C8-C10* |
|
- |
- |
130 ± 20 |
| Xylenes |
95-47-6, 108-38-3, 106-42-3 |
- |
- |
24 ± 3 |
| Ethyl benzene |
100-41-4 |
- |
- |
5.3 ± 0.3 |
| 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene |
95-63-6 |
- |
- |
6.0 ± 0.6 |
| Toluene |
108-88-3 |
- |
- |
0.29 ± 0.03 |
| 1-methoxy-2-propanol |
107-98-2 |
50 ± 5 |
10 ± 1 |
- |
| 2-butoxy-ethanol |
111-76-2 |
- |
47 ± 1 |
- |
| 1-butoxy-2-propanol** |
5131-66-8 |
- |
21 ± 1 |
- |
| 5-methyl-3-heptanon** |
541-85-5 |
0.030 ± 0.001 |
- |
- |
| 2-butanon** |
78-93-3 |
1.0 ± 0.1 |
- |
- |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) |
117-81-7 |
- |
- |
0.0026 ± 0.0005 |
- Means the compound was not detected.
* This group covers e.g. 2- and 3-methylnonane, nonane, 2- and 3-methyloctane. Calculated against an external standard of octane.
** Compound calculated against an external standard with corresponding chemical character.
Table 6.6 Results of fabric waterproofing, quantitative GC/MS, mg/g sample
| Identification |
CAS no. |
Sample no. |
| 5 |
| Hydrocarbons, C6-C8* |
- |
350 ± 5 |
| 1-butanol |
71-36-3 |
0.086 ± 0.008 |
| Toluene |
108-88-3 |
< 0.01 |
| Ethyl benzene and xylenes |
100-41-4,
95-47-6,
108-38-3,
106-42-3 |
< 0.02 |
| Butyl acetate |
123-86-4 |
55 ± 1 |
| Ethyl acetate** |
141-78-6 |
3.8 ± 0.1 |
| α-pinen |
80-56-8 |
0.126 ± 0.003 |
| β-pinen |
127-91-3 |
0.48 ± 0.02 |
| D-Limonene |
5989-27-5 |
2.7 ± 0.1 |
| Terpene e.g. terpinene** |
99-85-4 |
0.23 ± 0.08 |
| Diethyl phthalate |
84-66-2 |
0.12 ± 0.01 |
| Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) |
117-81-7 |
0.17 ± 0.01 |
* This group covers e.g heptane and methyl cyclohexane. Calculated against octane.
** Compound calculated against external standard with corresponding chemical character.
Table 6.7 Results of fabric cleaner, quantitative GC/MS, mg/g sample
| Identification |
CAS no. |
Sample no. |
| 7 |
| D-Limonene |
5989-27-5 |
0.1 ± 0.1 |
| Nerol acetate, geraniol acetate* |
141-12-8, 16409-44-2 |
0.05 ± 0.04 |
* Compound calculated against external standard with corresponding chemical character.
Table 6.8 Results of odour remover, quantitative GC/MS, mg/g sample
| Identification |
CAS no. |
Sample no. |
| 8 |
| Acetic acid benzylester* |
140-11-4 |
0.005 ± 0.001 |
| Benzyl chloride |
100-44-7 |
0.37 ± 0.05 |
| D-Limonene |
5989-27-5 |
0.0027 ± 0.0003 |
| N,N-dimethyl-1-dodecanamin* |
112-18-5 |
0.54 ± 0.01 |
| N,N-dimethyl-1-tetradecanamin* |
129-24-3 |
0.20 ± 0.01 |
| N,N-dimethyl-1-hexadecanamin* |
112-69-6 |
0.04 ± 0.01 |
| Diethyl phthalate |
84-66-2 |
0.0037 ± 0.01 |
* Compound calculated against external standard with corresponding chemical character.
Table 6.9 Results of vinyl cleaner, quantitative GC/MS, mg/g sample
| Identification |
CAS no. |
Sample no. |
| 10 |
| α-pinen |
80-56-8 |
0.007 ± 0.004 |
| β-pinen |
127-91-3 |
0.007 ± 0.004 |
| D-Limonene |
5989-27-5 |
0.2 ± 0.1 |
| 3-caren |
13466-78-9 |
0.09 ± 0.05 |
| Cymen* |
99-87-6 |
0.005 ± 0.003 |
| Citral* |
5392-40-5 |
0.03 ± 0.02 |
| à-Hexylcinnamaldehyd* |
101-86-0 |
0.03 ± 0.02 |
| Diethyl phthalate |
84-66-2 |
0.11 ± 0.04 |
* Compound calculated against reference standard with corresponding chemical character.
Table 6.10 Results of leather cleaner, quantitative GC/MS, mg/g sample
| Identification |
CAS no. |
Sample no. |
| 13 |
| Hydrocarbons, C8-C10* |
- |
33 ± 3 |
| Butylhydroxy toluene (BHT) |
128-37-0 |
1.0 ± 0.3 |
* This group covers e.g. octane, nonane, decane, 2- and 3-methyloctan. Calculated against octane.
Table 6.11 Results of cleaning tissues, quantitative GC/MS, mg/g sample
| Identification |
CAS no. |
Sample no. |
| 40 |
| Benzaldehyd* |
100-52-7 |
0.023 ± 0.001 |
| Benzyl chloride |
100-44-7 |
0.077 ±0.006 |
| N,N-dimethyl-1-dodecanamin* |
112-18-5 |
0.14 ± 0.02 |
| Dibutyl phthalate |
84-74-2 |
0.0060 ± 0.0002 |
* Compound calculated against external standard with corresponding chemical character.
Table 6.12 Results of anti-mist products, quantitative GC/MS, mg/g sample
| Identification |
CAS no. |
Sample no. |
| 33 |
| D-Limonene |
5989-27-5 |
0.08 ± 0.004 |
| à-Hexylcinnamaldehyd* |
101-86-0 |
0.11 ± 0.02 |
* Compound calculated against external standard with corresponding chemical character.
Table 6.13 Results of detergent, quantitative GC/MS, mg/g sample
| Identification |
CAS no. |
Sample no. |
| 34 |
| Xylenes |
95-47-6, 108-38-3, 106-42-3 |
0.012 ± 0.002 |
| Allyl heptanoat* |
142-19-8 |
0.013 ± 0.05 |
| Tetralin* |
119-64-2 |
0.027 ± 0.007 |
| 4-tert-butyl cyclohexyl acetate* |
32210-23-4 |
0.02 ± 0.01 |
* Compound calculated against external standard with corresponding chemical character.
Table 6.14 Results of synthetic materials sealant, quantitative GC/MS, mg/g sample
| Identification |
CAS no. |
Sample no. |
| 38 |
| Hydrocarbons C10-C20* |
- |
120 ± 20 |
| Ethyl butyric acid ester** |
105-54-4 |
0.13 ± 0.03 |
| Diethyl phthalate |
84-66-2 |
0.11 ± 0.01 |
* This group covers several different alkanes. Calculated against octane.
** Compound calculated against external standard with corresponding chemical character.
The results of the quantitative analyses are used in Chapter 8 for health assessment of selected compounds. Several of the quantified compounds were also declared on the label of the product or on the specific safety data sheet while only a few compounds were stated with percentage content, see Table 2.1Table 2.1.
6.2.2 Results of exposure scenarios
Measurements were performed on exposure via inhalation when using product no. 1, 5, 10 and 24 and subsequent evaporation for 5 hours. The results of the measurements appear in the tables below. Some compounds in the result tables have a note stating that the results are minimum values because the results exceed the linear measuring area of the applied analysis method. Therefore, section 8.1.2. gives a theoretic calculation of hydrocarbons that was carried out in product no. 1 on the basis of the quantitative measurements to be compared with the results of the exposure scenarios.
The measurements were carried out during the period stated in the tables (e.g. 45-50 minutes, meaning that the exposure time in this case is 5 minutes), after which the adsorption pipe was removed and a new measurement was carried out in the next interval. The tables state an air amount which is the amount of air collected on the Tenax pipe during the specific measuring period. The air amount is used to calculate the results, which is an expression of the average concentration in the box during the stated measuring period. On the basis of the analyses in duplicate, the analysis uncertainty was calculated to be between 5 and 35% as it varies a lot depending on the product and the individual compound. See section 6.1.2 for further details concerning the measurements.
Table 6.15 Results of exposure when using vinyl make-up, product no. 1
| Sampling time (min) |
0-5 |
5-10 |
10-15 |
30-35 |
45-50 |
60-75 |
| Exposure time (min.) |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
15 |
| Air amount (in air) |
0.42 |
0.32 |
0.33 |
0.36 |
0.37 |
1.09 |
| Compound |
CAS no. |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
| Sum of C4-C7 hydrocarbons* |
|
64300 |
70800 |
51800 |
32500 |
21500 |
7500 |
| Sum of C10-C14 hydrocarbons* |
|
42600 |
30600 |
15500 |
9200 |
4300 |
2800 |
| Sum of hydrocarbons** |
|
106900 |
101400 |
67300 |
41700 |
25800 |
10300 |
| α-Pinen |
80-56-8 |
1063 |
625 |
276 |
89 |
42 |
23 |
| β-Pinen |
127-91-3 |
2963 |
2102 |
1093 |
423 |
191 |
110 |
| Diethylenglycol monoethylether |
111-90-0 |
2069 |
1140 |
485 |
<100 |
<100 |
< 25 |
Comments to Table 6.15Table 6.15: There are traces of toluene and xylenes, less than 100 ng.
* Results are minimum values.
** Sum of results for C4-C7 and C10-C14.
Table 6.16 Results of exposure when using vinyl make-up, product no. 1, continued
| Sampling time (min.) |
120-135 |
180-195 |
240-255 |
300-315 |
| Exposure time (min.) |
15 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
| Air amount (in air) |
2.49 |
2.41 |
2.68 |
2.55 |
| Compound |
CAS no. |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
| Sum of C4-C7 hydrocarbons* |
|
2550 |
990 |
383 |
197 |
| Sum of C10-C14 hydrocarbons* |
|
2540 |
1951 |
2094 |
1557 |
| Sum of hydrocarbons** |
|
5090 |
2940 |
2480 |
1750 |
| α-Pinen |
80-56-8 |
12 |
8 |
5 |
4 |
| β-Pinen |
127-91-3 |
57 |
33 |
22 |
13 |
| Diethylenglycol monoethylether |
111-90-0 |
<25 |
95 |
139 |
85 |
* Results are minimum values.
** Sum of results for C4-C7 and C10-C14.
Table 6.17 Results of exposure when using fabric waterproofing, product no. 5
| Sampling time (min.) |
0-2 |
5-8 |
10-13 |
15-18 |
30-34. |
45-50 |
60-65 |
| Exposure time (min.) |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
| Air amount (in air) |
0.13 |
0.19 |
0.2 |
0.19 |
0.25 |
0.31 |
0.31 |
| Compound |
CAS no. |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
| Sum of C5-C8 hydrocarbons* |
|
160000 |
103000 |
84000 |
85000 |
60000 |
43000 |
35000 |
| Butane* |
106-97-8 |
14000 |
8700 |
6600 |
7600 |
5000 |
2700 |
2000 |
| 2-Propanol |
67-63-0 |
1060 |
612 |
290 |
324 |
196 |
104 |
59 |
| Ethyl acetate |
141-78-6 |
11748 |
6688 |
4339 |
3954 |
2323 |
1342 |
662 |
| Butyl acetate* |
123-86-4 |
70000 |
38000 |
24000 |
20000 |
12000 |
7300 |
4200 |
| Allyl acetate |
591-87-7 |
303 |
124 |
82 |
87 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
| α-Pinen |
80-56-8 |
953 |
363 |
163 |
131 |
67 |
36 |
17 |
| β-Pinen |
127-91-3 |
3982 |
1739 |
732 |
598 |
318 |
174 |
76 |
| β-Myrcen |
123-35-3 |
401 |
173 |
63 |
54 |
31 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
| Limonene |
5989-27-5 |
18000* |
9000* |
4248 |
3489 |
1876 |
997 |
413 |
| Terpinene |
99-85-4 |
1768 |
807 |
285 |
219 |
115 |
61 |
25 |
* Results are minimum values.
Table 6.18 Results of exposure when using fabric waterproofing, product no. 5, continued
| Sampling time (min.) |
120-130 |
180-190 |
240-250 |
300-310 |
| Exposure time (min.) |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
| Air amount (in air) |
0.64 |
0.73 |
0.72 |
0.7 |
| Compound |
CAS no. |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
| Sum of C5-C8 hydrocarbons |
|
2600 |
555 |
161 |
200 |
| Butane |
106-97-8 |
106 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
| 2-Propanol |
67-63-0 |
18 |
13 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
| Ethyl acetate |
141-78-6 |
20 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
| Butyl acetate |
123-86-4 |
277 |
105 |
9 |
29 |
| Allyl acetate |
591-87-7 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
| α-Pinen |
80-56-8 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
| β-Pinen |
127-91-3 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
| β-Myrcen |
123-35-3 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
| Limonene |
5989-27-5 |
18 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
| Terpinene |
99-85-4 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
< 25 |
Table 6.19 Results of exposure when using vinyl cleaner, product no. 10
| Sampling time (min.) |
0-5 |
5-10 |
10-15 |
30-35 |
45-50 |
60-65 |
| Exposure time (min.) |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
| Air amount (in air) |
0.76 |
0.34 |
0.40 |
0.36 |
0.49 |
0.39 |
| Compound |
CAS no. |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
| Butane |
106-97-8 |
762 |
2074 |
1830 |
1630 |
778 |
573 |
| 2-Propanol* |
67-63-0 |
11000 |
19000 |
14000 |
11000 |
6000 |
3800 |
| 1-Propanol |
71-23-8 |
148 |
247 |
210 |
234 |
57 |
72 |
| α-Pinen |
80-56-8 |
66 |
70 |
49 |
26 |
13 |
< 15 |
| β-Pinen |
127-91-3 |
48 |
45 |
36 |
19 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
| Limonene |
5989-27-5 |
720 |
1038 |
618 |
340 |
201 |
86 |
| Nerol |
106-25-2 |
33 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
| Terpineol |
98-55-5 |
35 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
| Linalool acetate |
115-95-7 |
24 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
< 15 |
| Bornyl acetate or Isobormeol acetate |
76-49-3, 125-12-2 |
92 |
86 |
67 |
41 |
25 |
15 |
* Results are minimum values.
Table 6.20 Results of exposure when using vinyl cleaner, product no. 10, continued
| Sampling time (min) |
120-135 |
180-195 |
240-255 |
300-320 |
| Exposure time |
15 |
15 |
15 |
20 |
| Air amount (in air) |
1.18 |
1.23 |
1.12 |
1.60 |
| Compound |
CAS no. |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
| Butane |
106-97-8 |
48 |
16 |
< 4 |
< 3 |
| 2-Propanol |
67-63-0 |
783 |
166 |
46 |
50 |
| 1-Propanol |
71-23-8 |
7 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
| α-Pinen |
80-56-8 |
< 4 |
< 4 |
< 4 |
< 3 |
| β-Pinen |
127-91-3 |
< 4 |
< 4 |
< 4 |
< 3 |
| Limonene |
5989-27-5 |
38 |
< 4 |
< 4 |
< 3 |
| Nerol |
106-25-2 |
< 4 |
< 4 |
< 4 |
< 3 |
| Terpineol |
98-55-5 |
< 4 |
< 4 |
< 4 |
< 3 |
| Linalool acetate |
115-95-7 |
< 4 |
< 4 |
< 4 |
< 3 |
| Bornyl acetate or Isobormeol acetate |
76-49-3, 125-12-2 |
<4 |
13 |
6 |
13 |
Table 6.21 Results of exposure when using glass cleaner, product no. 24
| Sampling time (min.) |
0-15 |
15-30 |
30-45 |
45-60 |
| Exposure time (min.) |
15 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
| Air amount (l) |
2.58 |
2.26 |
2.61 |
2.32 |
| Compound |
CAS no. |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
| 2-Propanol* |
67-63-0 |
1000 |
900 |
600 |
369 |
| 1-Methoxy-2-propanol* |
107-98-2 |
3300 |
2200 |
1100 |
627 |
| 2-Butoxyethanol* |
111-76-2 |
23000 |
14000 |
5800 |
2900 |
| 1-Butoxy-2-propanol* |
5131-66-8 |
** |
4500 |
3800 |
2300 |
| Sek. Butylether |
6863-58-7 |
600* |
357 |
203 |
110 |
* Results are minimum values.
** 1-butoxy-2-propanol forms part of 2-butoxyethanol (component coelueting).
Table 6.22 Results of exposure when using glass cleaner, product no. 24, continued
| Sampling time |
120-135 |
180-195 |
240-255 |
300-315 |
| Exposure time |
15 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
| Air amount (l) |
2.36 |
2.41 |
2.32 |
2.32 |
| Compound |
CAS no. |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
ng/l air |
| 2-Propanol |
67-63-0 |
20 |
8 |
7 |
5 |
| 1-Methoxy-2-propanol |
107-98-2 |
30 |
6 |
3 |
< 2 |
| 2-Butoxyethanol |
111-76-2 |
170 |
64 |
49 |
36 |
| 1-Butoxy-2-propanol |
5131-66-8 |
160 |
71 |
53 |
32 |
| Sek. Butylether |
6863-58-7 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
< 2 |
As it appears from the results, the greatest evaporation of the most volatile organic compounds takes place during application of the products and during the first 10-15 minutes after which the concentration declines. It should be expected that some of the product is removed when the cloth used to dry the plate is removed after 15 minutes. The results of the emission tests are used in the exposure calculations in chapter 9.
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