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Identification and assessment of alternatives to selected phthalates
Table 3.15 Identified plasticisers and reason for selection for environmental and health assessment
| Group of plasticiser |
Chemical name |
Abbre-viation |
CAS no. |
Occurrence in toys and childcare articles |
Proposed by manufacturers of plasticisers as alternatives for: *2,3 |
Previously evaluated by *4 |
Reason for selection |
| Reported by Danish manufacturers/suppliers *7 |
Survey in the Netherlands 2007,% of samples, |
Survey in Germany, Austria and Switzerland 2007,% of samples, |
| Phthalates |
Diisononyl phthalate |
DINP |
28553-12-0
68515-48-0 |
Only non-phthalates reported |
49% |
10% |
DEHP *6 |
E |
|
| |
Diisodecyl phthalate |
DIDP |
26761-40-0
271-091-4 |
_"_ |
15% |
2% |
DEHP *6 |
|
|
| |
Diisoheptyl phthalate |
DIHP |
71888-89-6 |
_"_ |
|
|
DEHP/DBB blends *6 |
|
|
| |
Diisodecyl phthalate |
DIBP |
84-69-5 |
_"_ |
2% |
2% |
DBP *6 |
E |
|
| Benzoates |
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate |
DEGD |
120-55-8 |
|
|
|
DEHP, BBP, DBP (M) |
|
Significant market experience as alternatives for some BBP applications, according to producer. Indicated as important substitute for BBP and DBP in ECHA study |
| |
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate |
DGD |
27138-31-4 |
|
|
|
DEHP, BBP, DBP |
E,C,T,K |
Significant market experience as alternatives for some BBP applications, according to producer. Indicated as important substitute for BBP and DBP in ECHA study |
| |
Triethylene glycol dibenzoate |
TGD |
120-56-9 |
|
|
|
DEHP, BBP, DBP (M) |
|
|
| Cyclohexanes |
Di-isononyl-cyclohexane-1,2dicarboxylate |
DINCH |
166412-78-8 |
X |
25% |
48% |
|
E,T,S |
Most used alternative in toys, according to surveys |
| Terephthalates |
Di (2-ethyl-hexyl) terephthalate |
DEHT, DOTP |
6422-86-2 |
X |
7% |
10% |
DEHP |
E, T, S |
Significant market experience as alternatives for some applications, according to producer.. Much used alternative in toys, according to surveys |
| |
Di-butyl terephthalate |
DBT |
1962-75-0 |
|
|
|
DBP, BBP |
|
|
| Sulphonates |
Sulfonic acids, C10 – C18-alkane, phenylesters |
ASE |
91082-17-6 |
x |
|
|
DEHP, BBP, DBP |
E,N |
Significant market experience as alternatives for some applications, according to producer. |
| Glycorol acetyl esters |
Glycerol Triacetate |
GTA |
102-76-1 |
|
|
|
BBP, DBP |
E |
Significant market experience among alternatives for some applications, according to producer. |
| Other alkyl esters |
Trimethyl pentanyl diisobutyrate |
TXIB |
6846-50-0 |
|
14% |
11% |
|
C |
Frequently used alternative in toys, according to surveys |
| Citrates |
Acetyl tributyl citrate |
ATBC |
77-90-7 |
X |
9% |
10% |
DEHP, BBP, DBP |
C,P,K,S |
Much used alternative in toys, according to toy studies; significant market experince among alternatives for some applications, according to producer |
| Aliphatic dibasic esters |
Diisononyl adipate |
DINA |
33703-08-1 |
x |
6% |
4% |
|
|
Frequently used alternative in toys, according to surveys; adipate representative of DEHP substitutes |
| |
Dibutyl adipate |
DBA |
105-99-7 |
|
|
|
DBP |
|
|
| |
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate |
DEHA |
103-23-1 |
|
4% |
2% |
|
C,P,K,T,S |
Reported by SCENIHR(2008) to have reproductive toxicity |
| |
Benzyl octyl adipate |
BOA |
58394-64-2 |
|
|
|
DEHP |
|
|
| |
Diisobutyl adipate |
DiBA |
141-04-8 |
|
0.6% |
|
|
|
|
| |
Dioctyl sebacate |
DEHS |
122-62-3 |
|
0.6% |
|
|
C,K |
|
| Mixed alkyl aryl esters |
Mixed diesters neopentylglycol-benzoate/2-ethylhexanoate |
NPG-EHA-BA |
|
|
|
7% |
|
|
|
| |
Mixed triesters 1,1,1-trimethylol-propane-benzoate/2-ethylhexanoate |
TPG-EHA-BA |
|
|
|
2% |
|
|
|
| |
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl, mixed triesters with benzoic acid and trimethylopropane |
LG-flex BET |
610787-76-3 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| Polyesters |
Polyadipate |
PA |
|
|
|
3% |
|
C |
|
| Castor oil derivatives |
12-(Acetoxy)-stearic acid, 2,3-bis(acetoxy)propyl ester) |
COMGHA 1 |
330198-91-9 |
|
|
|
DEHP, BBP, DBP |
S *5 |
Significant market experience, expected low toxicity (food ingredient) |
| |
Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-(bis(acetoxy)propyl ester. |
COMGHA 2 |
33599-07-4 |
|
|
|
DEHP, BBP, DBP |
S *5 |
|
| Epoxy esters and epoxidized oils |
Epoxidized soy bean oil |
ESBO |
8013-07-8 |
|
|
1% |
|
S, K |
|
| Alkyl acetyl esters |
Mixture of glycerine acetates (Unimoll AGF) |
|
- |
|
|
|
DEHP |
|
|
| |
Tert-butyl acetate *1 |
TBAC |
540-88-5 |
|
11% |
|
|
|
|
| Alkylphenols |
Nonylphenol *1 |
|
25154-52-3 |
|
18% |
|
|
|
|
| Glycerols |
Trimethylolpropane (hexaglycerine) *1 |
TMP |
77-99-6 |
x |
|
|
|
|
|
| Trimellates |
Tri-(2-ethylhexyl)-trimellitate |
TEHTM (TOTM) |
3319-31-1 |
|
|
1% |
|
S, T,K,S |
Reported by SCENIHR(2008) to have reproductive toxicity |
*1 These substances are usually not mentioned as plasticisers in plastics. It has not been confirmed that the substances are actually used as plasticiser in the plastics.
*2 (M): In mixtures with other substances.
*3 As proposed for this study. Information has not been obtained for all substances. An empty cell in this column does not necessary mean that the substances are not suitable substitutes.
*4: Sources: E: COWI, 2009 (a,b,c) for ECHA; C: Stuer-Lauridsen et al., 2001 ;T: TURI, 2006; K: Karbæk, 2003; P: Postle et al., 2000; S: SCENIHR, 2008. N: Nilsson et al., 2002.
*5 The evaluated CAS No is "acetylated monoglycerides of fully hydrogenated castor oil", CAS No 736150-63-3 which consist of a mixture of the above mentioned substances.
*6 As recommended at manufacturers' web pages.
*7 "X" indicates that the substance is reported by all manufactures. "x" indicates that the substance is reported by one manufacturer only.
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Version 1.0 November 2010, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency
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