| Front page | | Next |

Identification and assessment of alternatives to selected phthalates

Contents

Preface

Summary

Dansk sammenfatning

Abbreviations and acronyms

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Data collection

2 Application of DEHP, DBP and BBP in products and articles

• 2.1 The phthalates
• 2.2 Application of DEHP
• 2.3 Application of DBP
• 2.4 Application of BBP

3 Identified alternatives to DEHP, DBP and BBP

• 3.1 Functional mode of external plasticisers
• 3.2 Introduction to plasticiser substance families
• 3.3 Alternative plasticisers and polymers used in toys and childcare articles
  • 3.3.1 Toys and childcare articles on the Danish Market
  • 3.3.2 Toys and childcare articles on the Dutch market
  • 3.3.3 Toy s and childcare products on the market in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
• 3.4 Alternatives recommended by plasticiser producers
  • 3.4.1 Phthalate alternatives
  • 3.4.2 Non-phthalate alternatives
• 3.5 Alternative plasticisers applied with processing adjustments
• 3.6 Alternatives plasticisers selected for further assessment
• 3.7 Alternative flexible polymers
  • 3.7.1 Alternative materials suggested for further assessment

4 Human health and environmental assessment of alternative plasticisers

• 4.1 ASE (alkylsulphonic phenylester)
  • 4.1.1 Physico-chemical properties
  • 4.1.2 Human health assessment
  • 4.1.3 Environmental assessment
• 4.2 ATBC (acetyl, tri-N-butyl citrate)
  • 4.2.1 Physico-chemical properties
  • 4.2.2 Human health assessment
  • 4.2.3 Environmental assessment
• 4.3 COMGHA
  • 4.3.1 Physico-chemical properties
  • 4.3.2 Human health assessment
  • 4.3.3 Environmental assessment
• 4.4 DEGD (diethylene glycol dibenzoate)
  • 4.4.1 Physico-chemical properties
  • 4.4.2 Human health assessment
  • 4.4.3 Environmental assessment
• 4.5 DGD (dipropylene glycol dibenzoate)
  • 4.5.1 Physico-chemical properties
  • 4.5.2 Human health assessment
  • 4.5.3 Environmental assessment
• 4.6 DEHT (di-ethylhexyl-terephthalate)
  • 4.6.1 Physico-chemical properties
  • 4.6.2 Human health assessment
  • 4.6.3 Environmental assessment
• 4.7 DINA (diisononyl adipate)
  • 4.7.1 Physico-chemical properties
  • 4.7.2 Human health assessment
  • 4.7.3 Environmental assessment
• 4.8 DINCH (di-isononyl- cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate)
  • 4.8.1 Physico-chemical properties
  • 4.8.2 Human health assessment
  • 4.8.3 Environmental assessment
• 4.9 GTA (glycerol triacetate)
  • 4.9.1 Physico-chemical properties
  • 4.9.2 Human health assessment
  • 4.9.3 Environmental assessment
• 4.10 TXIB (trimethyl pentanyl diisobutyrate)
  • 4.10.1 Physico-chemical properties
  • 4.10.2 Human health assessment
  • 4.10.3 Environmental assessment
• 4.11 Summary of human health and environmental assessment of alternative plasticisers
  • 4.11.1 Human health assessment summary
  • 4.11.2 Environmental assessment summary
  • 4.11.3 Health and environmental assessment overview

5 Technical and economical assessment of alternative plasticisers

• 5.1 ASE (Alkylsulfonic phenylester)
  • Producer's description (extracts)
• 5.2 ATBC (Acetyl tri-n-butyl Citrate)
• 5.3 "COMGHA1" (12-(Acetoxy)-stearic acid, 2,3-bis(acetoxy)propyl ester)
• 5.4 DEGD (diethylene glycol dibenzoate)
• 5.5 DGD (dipropylene glycol dibenzoate)
• 5.6 DEHT (di-ethyl-hexyl-terephthalate)
• 5.7 DINA (diisononyl adipate)
• 5.8 DINCH (di-isononyl-cyclohexane-1,2dicarboxylate)
  • Producer's description (extracts)
• 5.9 GTA (glycerol triacetate)
• 5.10 TXIB (trimethyl pentanyl diisobutyrate)
• 5.11 Summary and discussion of technical and economical assessment of alternative plasticisers

6 Assessment of alternative flexible polymers

• 6.1 Assessment of polyolefin elastomers
• 6.2 Summary on other flexible polymers

References

Annex 1 Companies and organisations contacted

Annex 2 Introduction to plasticiser families

Annex 3 Summary of technical performance parameters

Annex 4 Background data for the environmental and health assessment

| Front page | | Next | | Top |

Version 1.0 November 2010, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency