Kortlægning og vurdering af antibegroningsmidler
til lystbåde i Danmark

7 Referencer

Alzieu,. C. (1996): Biological effects of tributyltin on marine organisms. In: S. J. de Mora (ed.): Tributyltin: case study of an environmental contaminant. Cambridge environmental chemistry series 8, Cambridge University press.

Aizieu, C., P. Michel, I. Tolosa, E. Bacci, L.D. Mee & J.W. Readman (1991): Organotin compounds in the Mediteranean: a continuing cause for concern. Mar. Environ. Res., 32:261-270.

AMI (1991): Arbejdsmiljøinstituttet Rapport nr. 35.

Anonym (1997): Informationsmateriale modtaget fra industrien.

AQUIRE (1997): Aquatic toxicity information retrieval. US EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division. On-line available via Intemet.

Arbejdsmiljøinstituttet (1991): Hass, U., B.M. Jakobsen, N.P. Brandorff, J.E. Jelnes & S.H. Petersen: Reproduktionsskadende Kemiske stoffer i arbejdsmiljøet. Arbejdstilsynet, november 1990.

Arbejdstilsynet (1990): Thomsen, K.G.: Allergi- og overfølsomhedsfremkaldende stoffer i arbejdsmiljøet. Arbejdstilsynet, november 1990.

Arbejdstilsynet (1996): AT-anvisning Nr. 3.1.0.2 December 1996: Grænseværdier for stoffer og materialer.

Arnold. C.D., A. Weidenhaupt, M.M. David, S.R. Müller, S.B. Haderlein & R.P. Schwarzenbach (1997): Aqueous Speciation and 1-Octanol-Water Partitioning of Tributyl- and Triphenyltin: Effect of pH and Ion Composition. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31:2596-2602.

Arrhenius, Å. (1997): Effects of 4,5-diochloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one, the active ingredient of the new antifouling agent Seanine TM211 Biocide, on marine microalgal communities. University of Göteborg.

Bard. J. (1997): Supplement 3 to the Ecotoxicological Evaluation of the antifouling compond 2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(cyclopropylamino)-6(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine. Nässja Ekotoxkonsult, Sverige.

Bard. J. (1997a): Supplement I to the Ecotoxicological evaluation of copper in antifouling paints, copper, cuprous oxide, cuprous thiocyanate. Rapport til Kemikalieinspektionen i Sverige. 40 pp.

Batley. G. (1996): The distribution and fate of tributyltin in the marine environment. In: S.J. de Mora (ed.): Tributyltin: case study of an environmental contaminant. Cambridge environmental chemistry series 8. Cambridge University press.

Bauer, B., P. Fiorini, U. Schulte-Oehlmann, J. Oehlmann & W. Kalpfus (1997): The use of Littorina littorea for tributyltin (TBT) monitoring results from the German TBT survey 1994/1995 and laboratory experiments. Envir. poll. 96:299-309.

Bayer (1994): Preventol A 6. Summary of Toxicity and Ecotoxicity. Copy submitted from the Danish EPA.

BIODEG database (1985). Syracuse Research Corporation.

BIODEG PP (1992). Biodegradation Probability Program (version 3.0) and manual. SMILES notation note and SMILES database. Syracuse Research Corporation.

Blom, R. (1995): Organotin i sediment og benthiske organismer i udvalgte sønderjydske havne. Specialerapport, Odense Universitet. 94 s.

Borgmann, U. & Norwood W.P. (1997): Toxicity and accumulation of zink and copper in Hyalella azteca exposed to metal spiked sediments. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 54:1046-1054.

Bro-Rasmussen, F., P. Calow, J.H. Canton, P.L. Chambers, A. Silva Fernandes, L. Hoffmann, J.-M. Jouany, W. Klein, G. Persoone, M. Scoullos. J.V. Tarazona & M. Vighi (1994): EEC Water Quality Objectives for Chemicals Dangerous to Aquatic Environments (List 1). Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 137:83-110.

Bryan, G.W. & E. Gibbs (1991): Impact of low concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) on marine organisms: a review. In M.C. Newman & A.W. Mclntosh (ed.), Metal ecology: Concepts and applications. Lewis Publishers, 399 pp.

Callow, M.E. & G.L. Willingham (1996) Degradation of antifouling biocides. Biofouling, vol. 10(1-3):239-249.

CEPE (1997): Antifouling Manufactures Working Group: Potential alternative methods to biocidal antifouling products for pleasure craft – and their feasibility.

CHEMBANK (1996). CD-ROM (incl. RTECS, OHMTADS, HSDB).

CIBA (1997). I) Dollenmeier, P: Statement of Toxicity TK 13079 / Irgarol 1051. Ciba Specialty Chemical Inc., Switzerland, April 1997; II) Summary of Available Health & Environment Related Data on Irgarol 1051. Ciba Specialty Chemicais Inc., Switzerland. November 1997.

Dahl, B. & H. Blanck (1996): Toxic Effects of the Antifouling Agent Irgarol 1051 on the Periphyton Communities in Coastal Water Microcosms. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 32:342-350.

Danmarks Statistik (1997): Statistisk årbog 1997.

Debourg, C., A. Johnson, C. Lye, L. Tömqvist & C. Unger (1993): Antifouling products. Pleasure boats, commercial vessels, nets, fish cages and other underwater equipment. KEMI Report No. 2/93. The Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate. Solna.

Derbyshire, R.L., A.H. Jacobson, M.L. O'Dowd & M.A. Santangelo (1991): Metabolism of Sea-Nine 211 Biocide in Bluegill Sunfish. Rohm and Haas Company Technical Report No. 34-90-71, Rohm and Haas Company, Spring House, PA. Citeret fra Shade et al. 1993.

Dollenmeier, P. (1997): Tentative Metabolism and Toxicokinetics of Irgarol 1051 in the Rat Based on Studies with Analogues. Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc., Switzerland, August 1997.

Du Pont (1991): Data sheet regarding Diuron. Copy submitted from the Danish EPA.

EU (1997): Technical Guidance Documents in support of the commission directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and the commission regulation (EC) 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances.

Evans, S.M., T. Leksono & P.D. McKinnell (1995): Tributyltin Pollution: A Diminishing Problem Following Legislation Limiting the Use of TBT-Based Anti-fouling Paints. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 30:14-21.

Extoxnet (1993). Information from the Internet. Copy submitted from the Danish EPA.

Fent, K. (1996): Ecotoxicology of Organotin Compounds. Critical Reviews in Toxico logy 26(1): 1-117.

Forbis, A.D., L. Georgie & B. Bunch (1985): Uptake, Depuration and Bioconcentration of ¹⁴C-Sea-Nine 211 Biocide by Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Rohm and Haas Company Technical Report No. 310-86-33, ABC Labs, Inc., Columbia, MO. Citeret fra Shade et al. 1993.

Frimer-Larsen, H. (1993): Metaller ved Skagerakfronten. Specialerapport.

Fyns Amt (1997). Nye analyseresultater fremlagt i forbindelse med denne rapport.

GEUS (1996): Grundvandsovervågning 1996. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelser.

Gough, M.A., J. Fothergill & J.D. Hendrie (1994): A survey of Southern England Coastal Waters for the s-Triazine Antifouling Compound Irgarol 1051. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 28:613-620.

Gustavson, K. & Wängber-, S.-Å. (1995): Tolerance induction and succession in microalgae communities exposed to copper and atrazine. Aquatic Toxicology, 32. 283-302.

Hansen, H.K. (1996): Analyse af tributyltin på GF-AAS og GC-ICP-MS – en undersøgelse af tributyltinforureningen i Odense Fjord. Specialerapport, Biologisk Institut, Odense Universitet.

Harding, M.J.C., S.K. Bailey & I.M. Davies (1992): UK Department of the Environment, TBT Imposex Survey of the North Sea, CONTRACT pecd 7/8/214, Annex 3: Denmark. Scottish Fisheries Working Paper No 12/92.

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (1997): Copper. HSDB accession number 1622. Published by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), USA. CHEMBANK on SilverPlatter, August 1996. Last update: August 1997.

Howard, P.H. (1991): Handbook of environmental fate and exposure data for organic chemicals. Vol. III, Pesticides. Lewis Publ.. 684 pp.

Huggett, R.J., M.A. Unger, P.F. Seligman & A.O. Valkirs (1992): The Marine Biocide Tributyltin. Envi­ron. Sci. Technol. 26:232-237.

Hutzinger, O. (Ed.) (1995): The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 3 part G. Anthropogenic Compounds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.

ICES (1995): Results of the 1990/91 Baseline study of contaminants in North Sea sediments. ICES Cooperative Research Report No. 208.

IMO (1997): Harmful effects of the use of antifouling paints for ships. Interim report of the IMO Correspondence Group. Committee of North Sea Senior Officials, Oslo, 16-17 October 1997.

IPCS (1990): Tributyltin compounds. Environmental Health Criteria 116. World Health Organization, Geneva.

IUCLID (1996): International uniform chemical information database. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, European Chemicals Bureau. CD-ROM.

IUCLID (1996a): International Uniform Chemical Information Database (IUCLID). Data Sheet on bis (tributyltin) oxide. CAS No. 56-35-9. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy. 1996. Date of last update: 23 October 1995.

IUCLID. 1996b. International Uniform Chemical Information Database (IUCLID). Data Sheet on Diuron. CAS No. 330-54-1. February 1996. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy. 1996. Date of last update: 23 October 1995.

IUCLID (1996c): lnternational Uniform Chemical Information Database (IUCLID). Data Sheet on Copper. CAS No. 7440-50-8. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Environment Institute, European Chemicals Bureau. 1996. Date of last update: 15 December 1995.

IUCLID (1996d): International Uniform Chemical Information Database (IUCLID). Data Sheet on Dicopper oxide. CAS No. 1317-39-1. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Environment Institute, European Chemicals Bureau, 1996. Date of last update: 23 October 1995.

Jacobsen. J., B. Pedersen & F. Stuer-Lauridsen (1997): Organotin in the Aquatic Environment. Analysis, Distribution Studies and Modelling. Ecotoxicology project 2B, Danmarks Miljøndersøgelser (in press).

Jacobson, A. (1993): RH-5287: Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient. Technical Report No. 34-93-60.

Jacobson. A, L.S. Mazza, L.J. Lawrence, B. Lawrence, S. Jackson & A. Kesterson (1993): Fate of an Antifoulant in an Aquatic Environment. ACS Symposium Series No. 522, Pesticides in Urban Environments: Fate and Significance. K.D. Racke & A.R. Leslie (Eds.). American Chemical Society.

Jacobson. A. (1993): RH-5287: Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient. Technical Report No. 34-93-60.

Janus, J.A.. J.H. Canton, C.A.M. van Gestel & E. Heijna-Merkus (1989): Integrated Criteria Document Copper. Appendix to Report No. 758474009. National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, June 1989.

Jensen, A. (1991): Bly, cadmium, kobber, kviksølv og zink i tre danske åer, Rapport 91.55 Force institutterne.

Jensen, C.A & J.A. Heslop (1997a): Undersøgelse af Miljøproblemer ved brug af bundmalinger på lystbåde. Århus Amt.

Jensen. C.A. & J.A. Heslop (1997b). Nye analyseresultater fremlagt i forbindelse med denne rapport.

Johnson. A. (1997): Behov av giftiga båtbottenfärger för fritidsbåtar. Carex Naturkonsult HB, Sverige.

Karup, H. (1994): North Sea subregion 5 Assessment Report 1993. OSPARCOM/ North Sea Task Force.

KBK Boatcleaner Aps. (1997): Statusrapport.

KEMI (1992a): Ecotoxicological Evaluation of the antifouling compond 2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(cyclopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine. Kemikalieinspektionen, Solna, Sverige.

KEMI (1992b): Rengøringsstationer mot påväxt på fritidsbåtar. Rapport 9/92. Kemikalieinspektionen, Solna, Sverige.

KEMI (1996): Efficiency test of the Stark Boat Washer. Rapport 1/96. Kemikalieinspektionen, Solna, Sverige.

Kure, L.K. & M.H. Depledge (1994): Accumulation of Organotin in Littorina littorea and Mya arenaria from Danish Coastal Waters. Env. Poll. 84:149-157.

Larsen, M.M., J. Bak & J. Jensen (1996): Monitering af tungmetaller i danske dyrknings- og naturjorder. Faglig rapport nr. 157. Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser.

Lawrence, L.J., B. Lawrence & A. Kesterson (1991): Anaerobic aquatic metabolism of ^13/14C-Sea-Nine 211 Biocide. Rohm and Haas Company Technical Report No. 34-91-06, PTRL, Richmond, KY. Citeret fra Shade et al.1993.

LOGKOW (1994): LOGKOW octanol-water partition coefficient program. Syracuse Research Corporation, New York.

Miljø- og Energiministeriet (1995): Bekendtgørelse nr. 1004 af 14. december 1995. Bekendtgørelse om begrænsning af salg og anvendelse af visse farlige kemiske stoffer og produkter til specielt angivne formål.

Miljø- og Energiministeriet (1996): Bekendtgørelse nr. 921 af 8. oktober 1996. Bekendtzørelse om kvalitetskrav for vandområder og krav til udledning af visse farlige stoffer til vandløb, søer eller havet.

Miljø- og Energiministeriet (1997): Bekendtgørelse nr. 829 af 6. november 1997. Bekendtgørelse af listen over farlige stoffer.

Miljøkontrollen København (1996). Nye analyseresultater fremlagt i forbindelse med denne rapport.

Miljøstyrelsen (1991): Revurdering af Karmex 80 DF. Miljøstyrelsen, Bekæmpelsesmiddelkontoret, juli 1991.

Miljøstyrelsen (1994): lndustrispildevands Miljøfarlighed. Miljøprojekt nr. 260. København. 74 pp.

Miljøstyrelsen (1995): Water Quality Criteria for Seleeted Priority Substances. Arbejdsrapport fra Miljøstyrelsen nr. 44. København. 81 pp.

Miljøstyrelsen (l995a): Soil Quality Criteria for Selected inorganic compounds. Arbejdsrapport fra Miljøstyrelsen nr. 48. København. 200 pp.

Miljøstyrelsen (1996): Massestrømsanalyse for kobber. Miljøprojekt nr. 323.

Miljøstyrelsen (1997a): Grundvurdering af Bis-n-tributyltinoxid (TBTO), Afsnit 1.1 og 1.2. Miljøstyrelsen, Bekæmpelsesmiddelkontoret.

Miljøstyrelsen (1997b): Massestrømsanalyse for tin med særligt fokus på organotinforbindelser. Arbejdsrapport fra Miljøstyrelsen, Nr 7.

Miljøstyrelsen (1997c): Liste over godkendte bekæmpelsesmidler.

Miljøstyrelsen (1997d): Bekæmpelsesmiddelstatistik.

MITI (1992): Biodegradation and bioaccumulation data of existing chemicals based on the CSCL Japan. Japan chemical industry, Ecologytoxicology & information centre. ISBN 4-89074-101-1.

Mohammed, A. (1992): Diuron-Induced Urothelial Hyperplasia and Neoplasia in the Rat. Addendum to KEMIKALIEINSPEKTIONENs Report »Toxicological Evaluation of Supplementary Studies on the Carcinogenicity of Diuron« prepared in 17th August 1992. National Chemicals Inspectorate, Solna, Sweden, September 1992.

Molander, S. & H. Blanck (1992): Detection of pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) in marine periphyton cornmunities established under Diuron exposure. Aquatic Toxicology, 22, 129-144.

Mortensen, G. (1993): Organotin i danske farvande. Miljøprojekt nr. 226. Miljøministeriet, Miljøstyrelsen.

Nicholson, G.J. & S.M. Evans (1997): Anthropogenic Impacts on the Stocks of the Common Whelk Buiccinum undatum (L.). Mar. Env. Res. 44:305-314.

NORDBAS 1 & 2 (1997): Databases developed by The Nordic Chemicals Group. Included in: Pedersen F. & J. Falck. 1997. Environmental Hazard Classification – classification of selected substances as dangerous for the environment (Il). TemaNord 1997:549. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen.

North Sea Task Force (1993): North Sea Quality Status Report 1993. Oslo and Paris Commissions, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Fredensborg, Denmark. 132+vi pp.

Oehlmann, J., E. Stroben, U. Shulte-Oehlmann, B. Bauer, P. Fiorini & B. Markert (1996): Tributyltin biomonitoring using prosobranchs as sentinel organisms. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 354:540-545.

Olin (1997): Summary of environmental fate and ecotoxicity studies. Bilag til Rapporter af laboratorieundersøgelser. Fremsendt af Olin Chemicals, Staffordshire, England.

OSPAR (1996): 3rd OSPAR Workshop on Ecotoxicological Assessment Criteria, november 25-29, 1996. Supgroup report – Derivation of TBT EAC, EAC 3/6.

Pesticide Manual 1991.

Petersen & Nielsen (1995): Forundersøgelse til anvendelse af presenninger på lystbåde for at hindre begroning af alger.

Petersen, S. & K. Gustavson (1997): Toxic effects of tri-butyl-tin (TBT) on autotrophic pico-, nano-, and microplankton assessed by size fractionated pollution-induced community tolerance (SF-PICT) concept. Aquatic toxicology (in press).

RCC (1988): Degradation of Diuron in two aquatic systems. Rapport fra RCC Umweltchemie til Bayer. Schweiz. 55 pp.

Readman, J.W., L.L.W. Kwong, D. Grondin, J. Bartocci, J.-P. Villeneuve & L.D. Mee (1993): Coastal Water Contamination from a Triazine Herbicide Used in Antifouling Paints. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27:1940-1942.

Richardson, M.L. & S. Gangolli (eds.) (1993): The Dictionary of Substances and their Effects. Vol 2. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry 1993. pp C410, C423.

Ritsema, R. (1994): Dissolved Butyltins in Marine Waters of the Netherlands Three Years After the Ban. Appl. Organometal. Chem. 8:5-10

Ritsema, R. (1997): Environmental Applications of Hyphenated Techniques for the Speciation of Tin, Arsenic and Mercury. Monitoring butyltin levels in the marine environments of the Netherlands, chapter 3.5. Ph.D. thesis. University de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France.

Rohm & Hass (1992): Sea-Nine 211 Biocide. Produktblad.

Rohm & Haas (1996): RH-287 Aquatic and Wildlife Toxicity Summary. Dateret 5/1/96. Materiale fremsendt af Rohm & Haas.

RTECS (1997a): Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). Diuron. RTECS No. YS8925000. Published by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, USA. CHEMBANK on SilverPlatter, August 1997. Last update: July 1997.

RTECS (1997b): Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). Copper (I) oxide. RTECS No. GL8050000. Published by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, USA. CHEMBANK on SilverPlatter. August 1997. Last update: June 1997.

Rülhling, Å., E. Steinnes & T. Berg (1996): Atmospheric Heavy Metal Deposition in Northen Europe 1995, Nord 1996:37.

Shade, W.D., S.H. Hurt, A.H. Jacobson & K.H. Reinert (1993): Ecological Risk Assessment of a Novel Marine Antifoulant. Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: 2nd Volume. ASTM STP 1216. J.W. Gorsuch, F.J. Dwyer, C.G. Ingersoll & T.W. La Point (Eds.), American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia. 1993.

Stevens, J.T. & D.D. Sumner (1991): Herbicides. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Vol 3, Classes of Pesticides. Hayes. Jr., WJ & Laws, Jr. ER (eds). San Diego: Academic Press. lnc., 1991. pp 1349-50.

Stewart, C. & S.J. de Mora (1990): A Review of the Degradation of Tri(n-butyl)tin in the Marine Environment. Environ. Technol. 11:565-570

Stuer-Lauridsen. F., M.M. Larsen & G. Pritzl (1996): Fordelingen af udvalgte metaller i sediment og vand, Arbejdsrapport fra Miljøstyrelsen nr. 70 1996.

Sønderjyllands Amt (1996): Analyserapport om organotin mv. i sedimentet i Sønderjyske fjorde.

Sønderjyllands Amt (1997): Sønderjylland Amts monitering af stoffer fra bundmaling i sønderjyske fjordsedimenter.

TNO (1993): A bioaccumulation test with Preventol A6 (Diuron technical) and the blue mussel Mytillus edulis. (adapted from OECD Guideline No. 305C). Rapport til Bayer. TNO Environmental and Energy Research. Holland. 48 pp.

Tomlin, C. (Ed.) (1994): The Pesticide Manual 10th Edition. British Crop Protection Council. London. 1341 pp.

Toth, S., K. Becker van Slooten, L. Spack, L.F. de Alencastro & J. Tarradellas (1996): Irgarol 1051, an antifouling compound in freshwater sediment and biota of Lake Geneva. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 57:426-433.

US-EPA (1995) citeret af Nordox 1997: Environmental Protection Agency, 40 CFR Part 131, May 4, 1995.

Vejle Amt (1997). Analyseresultater præsenteret i forbindelse med denne rapport.

VKI (1997): Water Quality Criteria for Diuron and Sea-Nine. Draft report til Miljøstyrelsen. 24 pp.

VROM (1995): Criteria setting: Compilation of procedures and affectbased criteria used in various countries. Rapport til det hollandske ministerie, VROM. Delft. 33 pp + bilag.

Waite, M.E., M.J. Waldock, J.E. Thain, D.J. Smith & S.M. Milton (1991): Reductions in TBT concentrations in the UK estuaries following legislation in 1986 and 1987. Mar. Environ. Res. 32:89-111.

Weidenhaupt, A., C. Arnold, S.R. Müller. S.B. Haderlein & R.P. Schwarzenbach (1997): Sorption of Organotin Biocides to Mineral Surfaces. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31:2603-2609.

WHO (1996): Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 2nd edition. Vol 2. Health criteria and other supporting information. Worsk Health Organization, Geneva, 1996.

WRc (1996): Proposed Environmental Quality Standards for Diuron, Linuron, Chlorotoluron and Isoproturon in water. WRc plc, R&D Note 439 produced for the National Rivers Authority. Foundation for Water Reasearch Bucks. pp. 93.

Zhou, J.L., T.W. Fileman, S. Evans, P. Donkin. R.F.C. Mantoura & S.J. Rowland (1996): Seasonal Distribution of Dissolved Pesticides and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Humber Estuary and Humber Coastal Zone. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 32:599-608.

Zuolian, C. (1987): Monitoring and assessment of trace metals in seawater and marine organisms. Ph.D. thesis, Århus Universitet.

Århus Amt (1997a): Analyserapport over jordprøver ved Egå, Kaløvig og Marselisborg lystbådehavne. Udført af MILJØ-KEMI, Galten.

Århus Amt (1997b): Status for nye undersøgelser i 1997 af miljøproblemer ved brug af giftig bundmaling på lystbåde. Arbejdsnotat.

Århus Amt (1997c): Analyserapport over sedimentprøver ved Egå Marina, Kaløvig Havn og Marselisborg Havn. Udført af MILJØ-KEM, Galten.