Nye metoder til overvågning af miljøfremmede stoffer i vandmiljøet

11. Referencer

1. Palmes, E.D. & A.F. Gunnison (1973). Personal monitoring device for gaseous contaminants. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 34, 78-81. Citeret i //.

2. Dahl, B. & H. Blanck (1996). Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT). in periphyton communities established under tri-n-butyltin (TBT). stress in marine microcosms. Aquatic Toxicology 34, 305-325.

3. Benes, P. & E. Steinnes (1974). In situ dialysis for the determination of the state of trace elements in natural waters. Water Res. 8, 947-953.

4. Mayer, L. M. (1976). Chemical water sampling in lakes and sediments with dialysis bags. Limnol Oceanogr 21, 909-912.

5. Bufflap, S.E. & H.E. Allen (1995). Sediment pore water collection methods for trace metal analysis: a review. Wat. Res. 29, 165-177.

6. Södergren, A. (1987). Solvent-filled dialysis membranes simulate uptake of pollutants by aquatic organisms. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 855-859.

7. DiGiano, F.A., Elliot, D.& D. Leith (1989). Application of passive dosimetry to the detection of trace organic contaminants in water. Environ Sci. Technol. 22, 1365-1367.

8. Zhang, G-Z. & J.K. Hardy (1989). Determination of phenolic pollutants in water using permeation sampling. J. Environ. Sci. Health. A24(3). 279-295.

9. Huckins, J.N., Tubergen, M.W. & G.K. Manuweera (1990). Semipermeable Membrane Devices Containing Model Lipid: A New Approach to Monitoring the Bioavailability of Lipophilic Contaminants and Estimating their Bioconcentration Potential. Chemosphere 20, 533-552.

10. Verhaar, H. J.M., Busser, F.J.M., & J.L.M Hermens (1995). Surrogate Parameter for the Baseline Toxicity Content of Contaminated Water: Simulating the Bioconcentration of Mixtures of Pollutants and Counting Molecules. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 726-734.

11. Litten S., Mead B. & J. Hassett (1993). Application of passive samplers (PISCES) to locating a source of PCBs on the Black River, New York. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12, 639-647.

12. Madsen, E.L., Thomas, C.T., Wilson, M.S,. Sandoli, R.L. & S.E. Bolotta (1996). In Situ Dynamics of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Bacteria Capable of AH Metabolism in a Coal Tar Waste-Contaminated Field Site. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30, 2414-2416.

13. Grathwohl, P. & T. Schiedek (1997). Passive Samplers as a Long-Term Monitoring System for Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants. In: Gottlieb, J. et al. Field Screening Conference, Karlsruhe '97, Kluwer Academic Publs., 33-36.

14. Mehltretter, C. & H. Sorge (1995). Gore-Sorber screening surveys – a passive sorptive method for detecting organic compounds in soil and groundwater. In: Contaminated Soil ’95 (W.J. van den Brink, R. Bosman & F. Arendt (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, the Netherlands) pp 523-524.

15. Zabik J.M., Aston L.S. & J.N. Seiber (1992). Rapid characterization of pesticide residues in contaminated soils by passive sampling devices. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 11,765-770.

16. Johnson, K.A., Naddy, R.B. & C.P. Weisskopf (1995). Passive sampling devices for rapid determination of soil contaminant distributions. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 51, 31-44.

17. Peterson, S.M., S.C. Apte, G.E. Batley & G. Coade (1995). Passive sampling for chlorinated pesticides in estuarine waters. Chem. Spec. Bioavail. 7, 83-88.

18. Kingston, J., Mills, G. & R. Greenwood (1999). Letter and hand-outs from Workshop on Passive Sampler Round Robin Trial held in Ijmuiden, the Netherlands 12^th Nov. 1999.

19. Lee, H.L. & J.K. Hardy (1998). Passive sampling of monocyclic aromatic priority pollutants in water. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 72, 83-97.

20. Sayato, Y., Nakamuro, K., Ueno, H., & R. Goto (1990). Mutagenicity of adsorbates to a copper-phthalocyanine derivative recovered from municipal river water. Mutation Research, 242, 313-317.

21. Eisert, R. & K. Levsen (1996). Solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography: a new method for the analysis of organics in water. J. Chromat. A 733, 143-157.

22. Huckins, J., Petty, J.D., Lebo, J.A., Orazio, C.E., Prest, H.F., Tillitt, D.E., Ellis, G.S., Johnson, B.T. & G.K. Manuweera (1996). Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) for the Concentration and Assessment of Bioavailable Organic Contaminants on Aquatic Environments. In: Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology (Ed: G. Ostrander,)., Lewis Publisher, Boca Raton, Florida.

23. Prest, H.F., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Herve, S., Paasivirta, J., & P. Heinonen, (1995) A Survey of Recent Results in Passive Sampling of Water and Air by Semipermeable Membrane Devices. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 31, pp.306- 312.

24. Huckins, J.N., J.D. Petty, H.F. Prest, C. E. Orazio & R.C. Clark (in press). A guide for the use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as samplers of waterborne hydrophobic organic contaminants. American Petroleum Institute, Report no. 4690.

25. Hofelt, C. & D. Shea (1997). Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs by Semipermeable membrane devices and Mytilus edulis in New Bedford Harbor. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 154-159.

26. Booij, K., Sleiderink, HM. & F. Smedes (1998). Calibrating the uptake kinetics of semipermeable membrane devices using exposure standards. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17, 1236-1245.

27. Huckins, J. E-mail om SPMD udvikling, maj 1999.

28. Alvarez, D.A., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D. & S.E. Manahan (1999). Progress towards the development of a passive, in situ, spmd-like sampler for hydrophilic organic contaminants in aquatic environments. Poster presentation at the 20^th Annual US SETAC meeting held in Philadelphia Nov. 14-18 1999.

29. Mattice, J.D., Park, S.K. & T.L Lavy (1998) Potential passive Empore C18 disk extraction for analysis of water samples containing fine particulates. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 60, 202-208.

30. Martos, P. A. & J. Pawliszyn (1999). Time weighted average sampling with Solid - Phase Microextraction device: Implications for enhanced personal exposure monitoring to airborne pollutants. Anal. Chem. 71, 1513-1520.

31. Gorlo, D., Zygmunt, B.,Dudek, M., Jaszek, A., Pilarczyk, M. & J. Namiesnil (1999). Application of solid-phase microextraction to monitoring of inddor air quality. Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 363, 696-699.

32. Pawliszyn, J. (1999). Personlig kommunikation, september 1999.

33. Verbruggen, E.M.J., W.H.J. Vaes, T.F. Parkerton & J.L.M. Hermens (2000) Polyacrylate-coated SPME fibers as a tool to simulate budy residues and target concentrations of complex organic mixtures for estimation of baseline toxicity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 324-331.

34. Benes, P. (1980) Semicontinuous monitoring of truly dissolved forms of trace elements in streams using dialysis in situ – I. Principle and conditions. Wat. Res. 14, 511-513.

35. Srikameswaran, K., H.D. Gesser, M. Venkateswaran (1984). Extraction of cadmium from natural waters by passive complexing agent loaded foam strips. J. Environ. Sci. Health A19(1), 83-91.

36. Morrison, G. M. P. (1987). Bioavailable metal uptake rate determination in polluted waters by dialysis with receiving resins. Environ. Technol. Lett. 8, 393-402.

37. Davison, W. & H. Zhang (1994). In Situ speciation measurements of trace components in natural waters using thin-film gels. Nature, vol 367, 546-548.

38. Vorkamp. K., Haas, B.S. & R. Herrman (1998). Development of passive samplers for the detection of chlorinated hydrocarbons in sewers. Wat. Sci. Tech. 37, pp 311-318.

39. Weisbrod, N., Ronon, D. & R. Nativ (1996) New method for sampling groundwater colloids under natural gradient flow conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30, 3094-3101.

40. Prest, H. F., Jarman, W.M., Burns, S.A., Weismüller, T., Martin, M. & J.N. Huckins (1992). Passive Water Sampling via Semipermeable Membrane Devices(SPMDS) in Concert with Bivalves in the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta. Chemosphere 25, 1811-1823.

41. Roy, S., Sen, C.K., & O. Hänninen (1996). Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using "moss bags": Bioaccumulation and responses of antioxidant enzymes in Fontialis antipyretica. Chemosphere 32, 2305-2315.

42. van der Lelie, D., P. Corisier, W. Baeyens, S. Wuertz, L. Diels & M. Mergeay (1993). The use of biosensors for environmental monitoring. 10^th Forum in Microbiology, Res. Microbiol. 144, 67-74.

43. Marine Pollution Monitoring Management Group (1998). Survey of the Quality of UK coastal waters. National Monitoring Programme, ISBN 0 9532838 3 6.

44. United Nations (1998). Protocol to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Adopted in Aarhus 24^th June 1998.

45. Anonym (1999). Revised proposal for a List of Priority Substances, Chap. 7 Processing and combination of ranked lists. Materiale modtaget fra Miljøstyrelsen 29. sept. 1999.

46. Miljø- og Energiministeriet (1996). Bekendtgørelse om kvalitetskrav for vandområder og krav til udledning af visse farlige stoffer til vandløb, søer eller havet. Bekendtgørelse nr. 921 af 8. Oktober 1996.

47. Joint Monitoring Programme of OSPAR . Information fra Miljøstyrelsen modtaget marts 2000.

48. Miljøstyrelsen (1997a). Stofliste af 30. Oktober 1997 (for NOVA programmet).

49. Miljøstyrelsen (1999). E-mail modtaget 30. Juni 1999 med DYNAMEC liste og kriterier.

50. OSPAR (1996). Report of the third OSPAR workshop on Ecotoxicological Assessment Criteria Held in The Hague 25-29 November 1996.

51. Miljøstyrelsen (1997b). Opgørelse over antal stoffer der skal analyseres for i hver delmatrice under vandmiljøplanens reviderede overvågningsprogram (NOVA 2003). Notat af 6. November 1997.

52. Herve, S., Prest, H.F., Heinonen, P., Hyötyläinen, T., Koistinen, J. & J. Paasivirta (1995). Lipid-filled semipermeable membrane devices and mussels as samplers of organochlorine compounds in lake water. Environ. Sci. & Pollut. Res., 2, 24-30.

53. Petty, J.D., Huckins, J.N., Martin, D.B.. & T.G. Adornato (1995). Use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDS) to determine bioavailable organochlorine pesticide residues in streams receiving irrigation drainwater. Chemosphere 30, 1891-1903.

54. Lebo, J.A., Gale, R.W., Petty, J.D., Tillitt, D.E., Huckins, J.N., Meadows, J, Orazio, C.E., Echols, K.R. & D.J. Schroeder (1995). Use of the semipermeable membrane device as an in situ sampler of waterborne bioavailable PCDD and PCDF residues at sub-parts-per-quadrillion concentrations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 2886-2892.

55. Ellis, G.E., Huckins, J.N., Rostad, C.E., Schmitt, C.J., Petty, J.D. & P. MacCarthy (1995). Evaluation of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organochlorine contaminants in the upper Mississippi River. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 14, 1875-1884.

56. Bergqvist, P-A., Strandberg, B., Ekelund, R., Rappe, C. & Å. Granmo (1998). Temporal monitoring of organochlorine compounds in seawater by semipermeable membranes following a flooding episode in Western Europe. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 3887-3892.

57. Södergren, A. & L. Okla (1988). Simulation of interfacial mechanisms with dialysis membranes to study uptake and elimination of persistants in aquatic organisms. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 23, 1633-1638.

58. Herve, S., Paukku, R., Paasivirta, J., Heinonen, P. & A. Södergren (1991). Uptake of organochlorines from lake water by hexane-filled dialysis membranes and by mussels. Chemosphere 22, 997-1001.

59. Burmaster, D.E., Menzie, C.A., Freshman, J.S., Burris, J.A., Maxwell, N.I. & S.R. Drew (1991). Assesment of methods for estimating aquatic hazards at superfund-type sites: A cautionary tale. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10, 827-842.

60. Sabaliunas, D. & A. Södergren (1997). Use of semi-permeable membrane devices to monitor pollutants in water and assess their effects: a laboratory test and field verification. Environ. Pollut. 96, 195-205.

61. De la Torre, A.I., Fernandez, C., Tarazona, J.V. & M.J. Munoz (1995). Detection of Aroclor, DDT, malathion and HCB using seimpermeable membranes as concentration method. Chemosphere 32, 2727-2737.

62. Stuer-Lauridsen, F. & P. Nielsen (1999). Semipermeable membrane devices for pesticide monitoring in surface waters. Proceedings of the 5th International HCH and Pesticide Forum, Leioa, Spain, 25-27 June, 373-377.

63. Bügel Mogensen, B., P. Lassen, P.B. Sørensen & L. Krüger (1998). Uptake rate of Esfenvalerate in standard SPMDs. Presented at SPMD workshop, Kansas City 18-20 May 1998.

64. Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, C. & W. Wang (1999). Uptake of weakly hydrophobic nitroaromatics from water ny semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). and by Goldfish (Carassius auratus). Chemosphere 38, 51-66

65. Wang, Y., Wang, Z.,Liu, J., Ma, M. & N. Belzile (1999) Monitoring priority pollutants in the Yanghe Riverby dichloromethane and semipermeable membrane device (SPMD). Chemosphere 39, p 113-131.

66. Moring, J.B. & D.R. Rose (1996). Occurrence and Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Semipermeable Membrane Devices and Clams in three urban streams of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, Texas. Chemosphere 34, 551-566.

67. James, K. J. & M.A. Stack (1997). Rapid determination of volatile organic compounds in environmentally hazardous wastewaters using solid - phase microextraction. Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem. 358(7-8), 833-837.

68. Valor, I., C. Cortada & J.C. Molto (1996). Direct solid phase microextraction for the determination of BTEX in water and wastewater J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 19(8), 472-474.

69. Langenfeld, J. J., S. B. Hawthorne & D. M. Miller (1996). Quantitative Analysis of Fuel-Related Hydrocarbons in Surface Water and Wastewater Samples by Solid-Phase Microextraction, Anal. Chem. 68, 144-155.

70. Kjølholt J. & F. Stuer-Lauridsen (1999). Kildesporing af miljøfremmede stoffer i kloaknet. Rapport fra Rådet for Renere Teknologi og Mindre Forurenende Produkter, 110 p.

71. Boyd-Boland, A.A., S. Magdic & J. B. Pawliszyn (1996). Simultaneous Determination of 60 Pesticides in Water Using Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Analyst 121, 929-938.

72. Page, B. D. & G. Lacroix (1993). Application of solid-phase microextraction to the headspace gas chromatographic analysis halogenated volatiles in selected foods. J. Chromat., 648, 199-211.

73. van Loon, W.M.G.M., Wijnker, F.G., Verwoerd, M.E. & J.L.M. Hermens (1996). Quantitative Determination of Total Molar Concentrations of Bioaccumulatable Organic Micropollutants In Water Using C₁₈ Empore Disk and Molar Detection Techniques. Anal. Chem. 68, 2916-2926.

74. Huckins, J.N., Tubergen, M.W., Manuweera, G.K. (1990). Semipermeable Membrane Devices Containing Model Lipid: A New Approach to Monitoring the Bioavailability of Lipophilic Contaminants and Estimating their Bioconcentration Potential. Chemosphere 20 no. 5, 533-552.

75. Gale, R.W., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Peterman, P.H., Williams, L.L., Morse, D., Schwartz, T.R. & D.E. Tillitt (1997). Comparison of the uptake of dioxin-like compounds by caged Catfish and semipermeable membrane devices in the Saginaw River, Michigan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 178-187.

76. Rantalainen A-L., Paasivirta, J., & S. Herve (1998). Uptake of chlorohydrocarbons from soil by lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). Chemosphere, 36, . 1415-1427.

77. Peven, C.S., Uhler, A.D. & F.J. Querzoli (1996). Caged mussels and semipermeable membrane devices as indicators of organic contaminant uptake in Dorchester and Duxbury bays, Massachusetts. Environ.Toxicol. Chem., 15, 144-149.

78. Bennett, E.R., Metcalfe, T.L., & C.D. Metcalfe (1996). Semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for monitoring organic contaminants in the Otonabee river, Ontario. Chemosphere 33, 363-375.

79. Södergren, A. (1990). Monitoring of persistent, lipophilic pollutants in water and sediment by solvent-filled dialysis membranes. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 19, 143-149.

80. Johnson, G. D. (1991). Hexane-filled dialysis bags for monitoring organic contaminants in water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25, 1897-1903.

81. Knulst, J.C.C. (1992). Effects of pH on the avilability of 2,2`,4,4`,5,5`-hexachlorobiphenyl-14C in lake water. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 11, 1209-1216.

82. Potter, D.W. & J. Pawliszyn (1994). Rapid determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in water using solid-phase microextraction and GC/MS. Environ. Sci. Tehcnol. 28, 298-305.

83. Wang, Y., C. Wang & Z. Wang, (1998). Uptake of moderately hydrophobic chlorophenols from water by semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and by Goldfish (Carassius auratus). Chemosphere 37, 327-339

84. Möder, M., S. Schrader, U. Franck & P. Popp (1997). Determination of phenolic compounds in waste water by solid-phase micro extraction. Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 357, 326-332.

85. DeVita, W.M. & R.L. Crunkilton (1998). Quality Control Associated with the Use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices. In: Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Seventh Volume, ASTM STP 1333. Little, E.E., B.M. Greenberg & A.J. DeLonay (eds.). American Society for testing and Materials.

86. Lebo, J.A., Zajicek, J.L., Orazio, C.E., Petty, J.D., Douglas, E.H. (1996). Use of semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) to sample polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution in a lotic system. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 8, 53-65

87. Lebo, J.A., Zajicek, J.L., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D. & P.H. Peterman (1992). Use of semipermeable membrane devises for in situ monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments. Chemosphere 25, 697-718.

88. Sayato, Y., Nakamuro, K., Ueno, H., & R. Goto (1993). Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mutagenic adsorbates to a copper-phthalocyanine derivative recovered from municipal river water. Mutation Research 300, 207-213.

89. Gustavson, K., Pedersen, F., Damborg, A. & Stuer-Lauridsen, F. (1994). Overfladeaktive stoffer i overfladevand og sediment - Fordeling, nedbrydning og effekter. Arbejdsrapport fra Miljøstyrelsen 60, 62 p.

90. Stuer-Lauridsen, F. & B. Dahl (1995). Source of organotin at a marine water/sediment interface - a field study. Chemosphere 30, 831-845.

91. Stuer-Lauridsen, F. (1996). In situ extraction of organometals by solvent-filled dialysis membrane bags in water and sediment – The development of chemical analysis and sampling methodology. Ph.D. Thesis, Odense Universitet.

92. Rantalainen, A-L., Ikonomou, M.G., Rogers, I.H. (1998). Lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as concentrators of toxic chemicals in the lower Fraser River, Vancouver, British Columbia. Chemosphere 37, 1119-1138.

93. Verbruggen, E.M.J., van Loon, W.M.G.M., Tonkes, M. , van Duijn, P., Seinen, W. & J.L.M. Hermens (1999). Biomimetic Extraction as a Tool to Identify Chemicals with High Bioconcentration Potential: An Illustration by two Fragrances in Sewage Treatment Plant Effluents and Surface Waters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 801-806.

94. Santos, F.J., Galceran, M.T. & D. Fraisse (1996). Application of solid-phase microextraction to the analysis of volatile organic compounds in water J. Chromatogr. A, 742(1+2)., 181-189.

95. Lakso, H., & W.F. Ng (1997). Determination of Chemical Warfare Agents in Natural Water Samples by Solid - Phase Microextraction. Anal. Chem. 69(10), 1866-1872.

96. Petty, J.D., Huckins, J.N. & J.L. Zajicek (1993). Application of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers. Chemosphere, Vol. 27, No. 9, 1609-1624.

97. Prest, HF., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Herve, S, Paasivirta, J. & P. Heinonen (1995). A survey of recent results in passive sampling of water and air by semipermeable membrane devices. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 30, 543-554

98. Ockenden, W.A., Sweetman, A.J., Prest, H.F., Steinnes, E. & K.C. Jones (1998). Toward an understanding of global atmospheric persistent organic pollutants: The use of semipermeable membrane devices as time-integrated passive samplers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 2795-2803

99. Miljøstyrelsen (1999). Teknisk anvisning for punktkilder, Version 1. Spildevands- og Vandovervågningskontoret.

100. Huckins, J.N., G.K. Manuweera, J.D.Petty, D. Mackay & J. Lebo (1993). Lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organic contaminants in water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27, . 2489-2496

101. Gale, R.W. (1998). Three-compartment model for contaminant accumulation by semipermeable membrane devices. Environ. Sci, Technol. 32, . 2292-2300.

102. Meadows, J.C., Echols, K.R., Huckins, J.N., Borsuk, F.A., Carline, R.F. & D.E. Tillitt (1998). Estimation of uptake rate constants for PCB congeners accumulated by semipermeable membrane devices and brown trout (Salmo trutta). Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 1847-1852.

103. Pedersen, B., J. Jacobsen & M. Cleeman (1998). Teknisk anvisning for marin overvågning. 15. Miljøskadelige stoffer i biota. Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser.

104. Kronvang, B., M. Søndergaard, B. Mogensen, B. Nyeland, K.J. Andersen, R.C. Schwærter, L. Wiggers & P.V. Andersen (1998). Teknisk anvisning, Overvågning af miljøfremmede stoffer i ferskvand. Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser.

105. Hawker, D.H. (1989). The partition mechanism. In: D.W. Connell (ed.) Bioaccumulation of xenobiotic compounds. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, . 76-95

106. Huckins, J.N., H.F. Prest, J.D. Petty, T.I. Roe, J.C. Meadows, K.R. Echols, J.A. Lebo & R.C. Clark (1998). An overview of the results of several comparisons of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and biomonitoring organisms for assessing organisc chemical exposure. Presentation at 19^th annual SETAC meeting.

107. Prest, H.F., Richardson, B.J., Jacobson, L.A., Vedder, J. & M. Martin (1995). Monitoring organochlorines with semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) in Corio Bay, Victoria, Australia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 30, 543-554

108. Røe, T.I., & S. Johnsen (1999). Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the North Sea. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, . 1963-1969

109. Axelman, J., Næs, K., Näf, C., & D. Broman (1999) Accumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Semipermeable Membrane Devices and Caged Mussels (Mytilus edulis l.) In Relation to Water Column Phase Distribution. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18, pp 2454-2461.

110. Pedersen, B. & G. Pritzl (1998). Teknisk anvisning for marin overvågning. 16. Miljøskadelige stoffer i sediment. Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser.

111. Hesslein, R.H. (1976). An in situ sampler for close interval pore water studies. Limnol. Oceanogr. 21, 912-914.

112. Bertolin, A., Rudello, D. & P. Ugo (1995). A new device for in-situ pore-water sampling. Mar. Chem. 49, 233-239.

113. Davison, W., G.R. Fones & G.W. Grime (1997). Dissolved metals in surface sediment and a microbial mat at 100-m m resolution. Nature 387, . 885-888.

114. Lefkovitz, L.F. & E.A. Crecelius (1995). The use of SPMDs to predict bioaccumulation of PAHs and PCBs from sediment. 3^rd Annual SPMD workshop and symposium, June 13-15, 1995, Columbia, Missouri.

115. Stuer-Lauridsen, F., P. Lassen & H. Larsen (1998). Accumulation of pyrene in SPMDs exposed in sediment. The 5th Annual International Semipermeable Membrane Device (SPMD). SPMD Workshop and Symposium, Kansas City, Missouri 18-20 May, 1998.

116. Lebo, J.A., J.N. Huckins, J.D. Petty & K.T. Ho (1999) Removal of organic contaminant toxicity from sediments – Early work toward development of a toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) method. Chemosphere 39, p 389-406.

117. Lebo, J.A., J.N. Huckins, J.D. Petty, K.T. Ho & E.A. Stern (2000) Selective removal of organic contaminants from sediments: a methodology for toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs). Chemosphere 40, p 811-819.

118. Greenwood, R. (1999). E-mail regarding information on "Passive Sampler", November 1999.

119. Petty, J.D., Huckins, J.N., Orazio, C.E., Lebo, J. A., Poulton, B.C., Gale, R.W., Charbonneau, C.S. & E.M. Kaiser (1995). Determination of waterborne bioavailable organochlorine pesticide residues in the Lower Missouri River. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 2561-2566

120. Frost, T.K., S. Johnsen & T. I. Røe Utvik (1998). Produced water discharges to the North Sea. Fate and Effects in the water column. Summary Report fra Oljeindustriens Landsforening, Norge.

121. Brevik, E.M. (1999). Personlig kommunikation, maj 1999.

122. Evers, E. (1999). Personlig kommunikation, juni 1999

123. Bergquist, P. (1999). Personlig kommunikation, juni 1999.

124. Vrana, B. (1999). Personlig kommunikation, maj 1999.

125. Södergren, A. (1999). Personlig kommunikation, maj 1999.

126. Huckins, J. (1999). E-mail on SPMD status in US. Received May