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Ship emissions and air pollution in Denmark

Contents

Preface

Sammenfatning og konklusioner

• Baggrund og formål
• Undersøgelsen
• Hovedkonklusioner
• Projektresultater
  • Den AIS-baserede emissionsopgørelse
  • Forudsætninger for scenarierne
  • Emissioner i henhold til scenarierne
  • Koncentrationer af svovldioxid
  • Koncentrationer af NO2
  • Koncentrationer af partikler

Summary and conclusions

• Background and objectives
• The study
• Main conclusions
• Project results
  • The AIS-based emission inventory
  • Assumptions for scenarios
  • Emissions according to the scenarios
  • Concentrations of sulphur dioxide
  • Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
  • Concentrations of particles

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Background
• 1.2 AIS data
• 1.3 New regulations and projections
• 1.4 Relation to previous studies
• 1.5 Structure of the report

2 Emissions

• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 AIS data provided by DaMSA
• 2.3 Vessel data provided by Lloyds
• 2.4 Engine types, fuel types and average engine life times
• 2.5 Traffic forecast
• 2.6 Engine load functions
  • 2.6.1 Auxiliary power in use
• 2.7 Fuel consumption and emission factors
  • 2.7.1 Specific fuel consumption
  • 2.7.2 NOx emission factors
  • 2.7.3 SO2
  • 2.7.4 PM
  • 2.7.5 CO and VOC
  • 2.7.6 CO2
• 2.8 Calculation procedure
• 2.9 Results for fuel consumption and emission
• 2.10 Results: Spatial distribution

3 Ship emission inventories for air pollution modelling

• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 "EMEP-ref" inventory
• 3.3 "AIS-2007" and "EMEP-2007" inventories
• 3.4 "AIS-sp" inventory
• 3.5 "AIS-2011" inventory
• 3.6 "AIS-2020" inventory
• 3.7 Summary of differences

4 Air pollution model calculations

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Interpreting PM2.5 results
• 4.3 Description of the model
• 4.4 Model runs and emission inventories
• 4.5 Results: Concentration levels
  • 4.5.1 Spatial resolution
  • 4.5.2 SO2 concentration levels by region
  • 4.5.3 NO2 concentration levels by region
  • 4.5.4 PM2.5 concentration levels by region
• 4.6 Contribution from ships
• 4.7 Comparison with measurements
• 4.8 Scenarios for 2011 and 2020
  • 4.8.1 SO2 concentration levels - future scenarios
  • 4.8.2 NO2 concentration levels - future scenarios
  • 4.8.3 PM2.5 concentration levels - future scenarios
  • 4.8.4 Contribution from ships according to the scenarios
• 4.9 Concentration levels in Copenhagen

5 Pollution from ships in ports

• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Available studies
• 5.3 Sulphur regulation
• 5.4 Methodology: Emission inventories for ports
  • 5.4.1 Activities: At dock, pumping and manoeuvring
  • 5.4.2 Emission factors
• 5.5 Results
• 5.6 Results for Copenhagen
• 5.7 Cruise ships and air quality
  • 5.7.1 Cruise ships: NOX
  • 5.7.2 Cruise ships: particles and SO2
• 5.8 High rise buildings
• 5.9 Results: The Port of Aarhus
• 5.10 Conclusions concerning ships in port

6 Conclusions

7 References

Annex A: Ship categories

Annex B: NOX emission factors for 2007, 2011 and 2020 for ship category/engine type combinations

Annex C: Emissions from land-based sources used for The Model Calculations.

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Version 1.0 October 2009, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency