Future Air Quality in Danish cities

Contents

Preface

English summary

Sammendrag

1. Introduction

2. Methodology

3. Vehicle Emission Factors
3.1 Background Data for Vehicle Emissions
3.2 Calculated Emission Factors for the Scenario Years

4. Regional Air Quality Levels
4.1 Scenario Emission data
4.2 Validation of DEM-Predictions for 1995
4.3 Future Regional Air Quality

5. Urban Background Levels
5.1 Urban Vehicle Emission Inventory
5.2 Validation of UBM Predictions for 1995
5.3 Future Urban Background Air Quality

6. Air Quality at Street Level
6.1 Validation of OSPM Predictions
6.2 Possible Underestimation of COPERT III emissions
6.3 Future Air Quality at Street Level
6.4 Comparison With Air Quality Guidelines
6.5 Future Air Quality in 103 Copenhagen Streets
6.6 Preliminary Assessment of Particulate Air Pollution at Street Level

7. Comparison with EU Predictions
7.1 Comparison with EU Emission Predictions
7.2 Comparison with EU Air Quality Predictions

List of References

Appendix 1: Emission Data for DEM Model
Appendix 2: Distribution of Vehicle Stock and Annual Mileage
Appendix 3: Hot and Cold Emission Factors, and Beta-factors