Appendix C - Weed species found in the vegetation..., Danish Environmental Protection Agency

Effects of reduced pesticide use on flora and fauna in agricultural fields

Appendix C
Weed species found in the vegetation and the seed rain

Appendix C.1.
Species present in the vegetation study – Latin name, Danish name and number of plots sprayed with normal, half or quarter dosage, where the species has been found at least once during 1997-1999, 15 observations are then possible per dosage. An asterisk is present if the species did flower. Nomenclature follows Tutin et al. (1964-80).

Latin name	Danish name	Pesticide dosages			Flowering
Latin name	Danish name	Normal	Half	Quarter	Flowering
Acer pseudoplatanus L.	Ahorn	0	0	1
Achillea millefolium L.	Alm. Røllike	0	0	1
Aethusa cynapium L.	Hundepersille	11	9	10	*
Alopecurus myosuroides Hudson	Ager-Rævehale	0	0	1
Anagallis arvensis L.	Rød Arve	12	11	12	*
Aphanes arvensis L.	Alm. Dværgløvefod	2	5	5	*
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh	Gåsemad	0	1	0
Arenaria serpyllifolia L.	Alm. Markarve	0	0	2	*
Artemisia vulgaris L.	Grå Bynke	1	1	2
Atriplex patula L.	Svine-Mælde	1	7	8	*
Avena fatua L.	Flyve-Havre	0	1	0	*
Beta vulgaris (L.) ssp. vulgaris	Roe	0	0	1
Bidens tripartita L.	Fliget Brøndsel	0	0	1	*
Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort.	Snerle-Pileurt	12	13	13	*
Brassica napus L. ssp. napus	Raps	4	4	3	*
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medicus	Hyrdetaske	8	12	13	*
Carduus crispus L.	Kruset Tidsel	0	1	1	*
Cerastium fontanum ssp. triviale (Link) Jalas	Hønsetarm	1	0	3
Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange	Liden Torskemund	0	2	0	*
Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert	Vellugtende Kamille	4	3	5	*
Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.	Skive-Kamille	6	7	7	*
Chenopodium album L.	Hvidmelet Gåsefod	14	13	14	*
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.	Ager-Tidsel	8	10	13	*
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.	Horse-Tidsel	0	0	1	*
Crataegus L. sp.	Hvidtjørn	only before spraying
Elymus repens (L.) Gould	Alm. Kvik	12	13	13	*
Epilobium parviflorum Schreber	Dunet Dueurt	0	0	1
Equisetum arvense L.	Ager-Padderok	5	5	2
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L`Hér.	Hejrenæb	only before spraying
Euphorbia exigua L.	Liden Vortemælk	4	6	7	*
Euphorbia helioscopia L.	Skærm-Vortemælk	9	9	7	*
Euphorbia peplus L.	Gaffel-Vortemælk	4	3	1	*
Festuca rubra L.	Rød Svingel	1	0	3
Filaginella uliginosum (L.) Opiz	Sump-Evighedsblomst	0	1	0	*
Fraxinus excelsior L.	Ask	1	0	0
Fumaria officinalis L.	Læge-Jordrøg	2	2	2	*
Galeopsis tetrahit L.	Alm. Hanekro	0	1	2	*

continues

Appendix C.1
continued

Latin name	Danish name	Normal	Half	Quarter	Flowering
Galium aparine L.	Burre-Snerre	10	7	10	*
Geranium pusillum L.	Liden Storkenæb	0	1	0
Hordeum vulgare L.	Byg	0	4	0	*
Juncus bufonius L.	Tudsesiv	1	0	0	*
Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort.	Spydbladet Torskemund	3	3	4	*
Lamium amplexicaule L.	Liden Tvetand	8	12	11	*
Lamium hybridum Vill.	Fliget Tvetand	8	10	8	*
Lamium purpureum L.	Rød Tvetand	7	8	9	*
Lolium perenne L.	Alm. Rajgræs	4	5	4	*
Matricaria perforata Merat	Lugtløs Kamille	4	8	8	*
Medicago lupulina L.	Humle-Sneglebælg	1	2	0	*
Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill	Mark-Forglemmigej	1	2	4	*
Papaver dubium L.	Gærde-Valmue	0	0	2	*
Papaver rhoeas L.	Korn-Valmue	0	2	2	*
Plantago major L.	Glat Vejbred	6	6	8	*
Poa annua L.	Enårig Rapgræs	14	14	15	*
Poa trivialis L. ssp. trivialis/Poa pratensis L.	Alm./Eng-Rapgræs	1	3	3	*
Polygonum aviculare L.	Vej-Pileurt	12	14	15	*
Polygonum lapathifolium L.	Bleg Pileurt	3	2	4	*
Polygonum persicaria L.	Fersken-Pileurt	6	7	9	*
Ranunculus acris L. ssp. acris	Bidende Ranunkel	0	0	1	*
Ranunculus repens L.	Lav Ranunkel	4	1	6
Raphanus raphanistrum L.	Kiddike	0	0	1	*
Rumex crispus L.	Kruset Skræppe	0	0	1
Salix L. sp.	Pil	2	0	0
Sambucus nigra L.	Alm. Hyld	1	0	2
Secale cereale L.	Alm. Rug	0	0	1
Senecio vulgaris L.	Alm. Brandbæger	4	7	7	*
Silene noctiflora L.	Nat-Limurt	6	7	5	*
Sinapis arvensis L.	Ager-Sennep	7	8	10	*
Solanum nigrum L. ssp. nigrum	Sort Natskygge	3	3	4	*
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill	Ru Svinemælk	1	1	4	*
Sonchus oleraceus L.	Alm. Svinemælk	1	2	3	*
Spergula arvensis L.	Alm. Spergel	only before spraying
Stachys arvensis L.	Ager-Galtetand	1	1	3	*
Stellaria media (L.) Vill.	Fuglegræs	14	15	15	*
Taraxacum sp. L.	Mælkebøtte	12	14	13	*
Thlaspi arvense L.	Pengeurt	0	1	0
Trifolium repens L.	Hvid-Kløver	5	7	5	*
Triticum aestivum L.	Alm. Hvede	3	3	4	*
Urtica dioica L.	Stor Nælde	only before spraying
Urtica urens L.	Liden Nælde	4	2	4	*
Veronica agrestis L.	Flerfarvet Ærenpris	3	7	10	*
Veronica arvensis L.	Mark-Ærenpris	1	4	4	*
Veronica hederifolia L.	Vedbend-Ærenpris	0	1	0
Veronica persica Poiret	Storkronet Ærenpris	9	11	12	*
Viola arvensis Murray	Ager-Stedmoderblomst	11	11	13	*
Viola tricolor L. ssp. tricolor	Alm. Stedmoderblomst	0	0	1	*

Appendix C.2.
Species present in the seed rain – Latin names, Danish names, mean seed weight and numbers.
Seed weights were found in literature. If literature is *, then the seeds have been weighed in the laboratory. If more than one paper is mentioned in literature, the seed weight used is a mean of the seed weights given in the papers. Seed weight of a taxon at genus level was calculated from the seed distribution on identified species in that genus.

Latin name	Danish name	Seed weight (mg)	Literature	Number of seeds
Aethusa cynapium L.	Hundepersille	1.645	Korsmo 1926, Salisbury 1942	2869
Anagallis arvensis L.	Rød Arve	0.5	Melander 1993	275
Aphanes arvensis L.	Alm. Dværgløvefod	0.22	*	4
Atriplex patula L./Chenopodium album L.	Svine-Mælde/Hvidmelet Gåsefod	0.689	*	1132
Betula pendula Roth./Betula pubescens Ehrh.	Vorte-Birk/Dun-Birk	0.15	*	180
Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort.	Snerle-Pileurt	7.488	*	547
Brassica napus L. ssp. napus/Raphanus raphanistrum L./ Sinapis arvensis L.	Raps/Kiddike/ Ager-Sennep	1.96 (for Sinapis arvensis)	Salisbury 1942	254
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medicus	Hyrdetaske	0.1	Korsmo 1926, Salisbury 1942	428
Carduus crispus L./Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop./Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.	Kruset Tidsel/Ager-Tidsel/ Horse-Tidsel	1.363		3
Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert/ Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.	Vellugtende Kamille/Skive-Kamille	0.15		1
Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.	Skive-Kamille	0.15	Korsmo 1926	85
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.	Ager-Tidsel	1.363	Korsmo 1926, Stevens 1932	11
Compositae	Kurvblomst	0.345		2
Dicotyledones	Tokimbladet	0.887		56
Elymus repens (L.) Gould	Alm. Kvik	3.9	Korsmo 1926	7
Epilobium L. sp.	Dueurt	0.12 (for E. montanum)	Salisbury 1942	2
Euphorbia exigua L.	Liden Vortemælk	0.51	Salisbury 1942	133
Euphorbia helioscopia L.	Skærm-Vortemælk	2.67	Korsmo 1926, Salisbury 1942	6
Euphorbia peplus L.	Gaffel-Vortemælk	0.559	Korsmo 1926, Salisbury 1942	29
Galium aparine L.	Burre-Snerre	3.7	Korsmo 1926, Melander 1993	153
Gramineae	Græs	0.41		1
Hordeum vulgare L.	Alm. Byg	39.75	*	4712
Lamium amplexicaule L./Lamium hybridum Vill./ Lamium purpureum L.	Liden Tvetand/Fliget Tvetand/Rød Tvetand	0.6 (for L. amplexicaule)	Melander 1993	133
Matricaria perforata Merat	Lugtløs Kamille	0.35	Korsmo 1926	3361
Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill	Mark-Forglemmigej	0.3	Korsmo 1926	38

continues

Appendix C.2
continued.

Latin name	Danish name	Seed weight (mg)	Literature	Number of seeds
Papaver dubium L./Papaver rhoeas L.	Gærde-Valmue/ Korn-Valmue	0.138 (for P. rhoeas)	Salisbury 1942	14
Plantago lanceolata L.	Lancet-Vejbred	0.75	*	1
Plantago major L.	Glat Vejbred	0.217	Korsmo 1926, Stevens 1932, Salisbury 1942	2
Poa annua L.	Enårig Rapgræs	0.4	Melander 1993	1673
Polygonum L. sp	Pileurt	4.55		37
Polygonum aviculare L.	Vej-Pileurt	1.57	*	488
Polygonum lapathifolium L./Polygonum persicaria L.	Bleg Pileurt/Fersken-Pileurt	2.406	Korsmo 1926, Stevens 1932	59
Ranunculus acris L. ssp. acris/Ranunculus repens L.	Bidende Ranunkel/Lav Ranunkel	1.975	Korsmo 1926	3
Senecio vulgaris L.	Alm. Brandbæger	0.275	Korsmo 1926, Melander 1993	131
Silene noctiflora L.	Nat-Limurt	0.92	Salisbury 1942	48
Solanum nigrum L. ssp. nigrum	Sort Natskygge	0.775	Salisbury 1942, Gross 1990	10
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill	Ru Svinemælk	0.3	Korsmo 1926, Salisbury 1942	192
Sonchus oleraceus L.	Alm. Svinemælk	0.42	Salisbury 1942	12
Stachys arvensis L.	Ager-Galtetand	0.84	*	2
Stellaria media (L.) Vill.	Fuglegræs	0.362	*	6463
Taraxacum L. sp.	Mælkebøtte	0.779	Korsmo 1926, Salisbury 1942	2
Trifolium L. sp.	Kløver	0.536		1
Trifolium repens L.	Hvidkløver	0.536	Salisbury 1942, Gross 1990	3
Triticum aestivum L.	Alm. Hvede	38.93	*	3208
Type A	Type A	0.391	*	55
Veronica agrestis L./Veronica persica Poiret	Flerfarvet Ærenpris/Storkronet Ærenpris	0.5	Melander 1993	548
Veronica arvensis L.	Mark-Ærenpris	0.122	Salisbury 1942	32
Viola arvensis Murray/Viola tricolor L. ssp. tricolor	Ager-Stedmoderblomst/ Alm. Stedmoderblomst	0.4 (for V. arvensis)	Melander 1993	494

Appendix C Weed species found in the vegetation and the seed rain

Appendix C
Weed species found in the vegetation and the seed rain