Effects of reduced pesticide use on flora and fauna in agricultural fields

Contents

Preface and Acknowledgements
    
Summary and conclusions
   
Sammenfatning og konklusioner
   
1 Introduction
(Esbjerg, P. & Petersen, B.S.)
1.1 Background
1.2 Overall project design
1.2.1 Aim and conditions
1.2.2 Selection of pesticides
1.2.3 Selection of crops and farms
1.2.4 Pesticide dosages
1.2.5 Field plots
1.2.6 Study sites
1.2.7 Data sampling
1.2.8 Weather conditions
1.2.9 Yield effects and economy
1.2.10 Statistical analyses
     
2 Wild flora
(Jensen, A.-M.M. & Johnsen, I.)
2.1 Pilot studies
2.1.1 Methods (pilot study)
2.1.2 Results (pilot study)
2.1.3 Conclusions (pilot study)
2.2 Vegetation studies
2.2.1 Methods
2.2.2 Results
2.2.3 Discussion
2.3 Seed rain study
2.3.1 Methods
2.3.2 Results
2.3.3 Discussion
2.4 Summary of dosage effects
     
3 Arthropods
(Navntoft, S. & Esbjerg, P.)
3.1 Pilot studies
3.1.1 Methods (pilot study)
3.1.2 Statistical analyses (pilot study)
3.1.3 Results (pilot study)
3.1.4 Discussion (pilot study)
3.2 Main studies 1997-1999
3.2.1 Methods
3.2.2 Results
3.2.3 Discussion
     
4 Birds
(Petersen, B.S.)
4.1 Pilot studies
4.1.1 Breeding season 1996
4.1.2 Winter studies
4.2 Methods
4.2.1 Breeding season counts
4.2.2 Autumn counts
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Breeding season counts
4.3.2 Autumn counts
4.4 Discussion
4.4.1 How many more birds at reduced dosages?
     
5 Yield and economy
(Jensen, A.-M.M., Rasmussen, C., Rasmussen, S. & Esbjerg, P.)
5.1 Yield and vegetation in cereal fields
(Jensen, A.-M.M.)
5.1.1 Purpose
5.1.2 Methods
5.1.3 Results
5.1.4 Discussion
5.2 Yield in sugar beets
(Esbjerg, P.)
5.2.1 Sampling
5.2.2 Yields estimated
5.3 Clean-up decisions
(Jensen, A.-M.M.)
5.3.1 Purpose
5.3.2 Method
5.3.3 Results
5.3.4 Discussion
5.4 Profitability analysis
(Rasmussen, C. & Rasmussen, S.)
5.4.1 Purpose
5.4.2 Method
5.4.3 Results
5.4.4 Discussion
5.4.5 Conclusion
    
6 Combined analyses
(Petersen, B.S. & Navntoft, S.)
6.1 Methods
6.1.1 Analysis of the occurrence of arthropods in relation to vegetation
6.1.2 Analysis of breeding season bird counts in relation to the abundance of weeds and arthropods
6.1.3 Analysis of autumn bird counts in relation to the abundance of seeds
6.2 Results and discussion
6.2.1 Arthropods
6.2.2 Breeding season bird counts
6.2.3 Autumn bird counts
     
7 General discussion
(Petersen, B.S., Jensen, A.-M.M., Navntoft, S. & Esbjerg, P.)
7.1 Wild flora
7.2 Arthropods
7.3 Birds
7.4 Yield and economy
7.5 Biodiversity vs. economy: getting the balance right
      
8 Conclusions and perspectives
(Esbjerg, P. & Johnsen, I.)
8.1 Conclusions
8.2 Perspectives for the future
    
9 References
     
Appendix A Herbicide and insecticide applications 1996-1999
   
Appendix B Basic field treatments
   
Appendix C Weed species found in the vegetation and the seed rain
   
Appendix D Aphid counts
  
Appendix E Yield and vegetation in cereals
   
Appendix F Economy