Effects of reduced pesticide use on flora and fauna in agricultural fields

Table 6.3.
Schematic summary of the combined analysis of arthropod densities. Covariates describing the abundance of weeds and differences in insecticide spraying intensity were included in the analyses. Factors not included in any of the models have been omitted from the table. S-Weeds: Weed diversity; Weeddens: Weed density. Statistical significance is indicated as follows: */+/–: 0.01<p<0.05, **/++/– –: 0.001<p<0.01, ***/+++/– – –: p<0.001. +/– indicates if the correlation is positive/negative. Abbreviations: Img.= Imagines Lar.= Larvae, Nym.= Nymphs.
    

Crop

 

Chrysomelidae

Curculionidae

Miridae

Auchenorrhyncha

Lepidoptera

Symphyta

img.

lar.

img.

img.

nym.

img.

nym.

lar.

lar.

Barley

Dosage

 

**

 

**

 

 

 

 

***

Year

***

***

 

**

**

***

***

***

***

Farm

***

***

**

***

**

*

**

***

***

Treatment-index insec.

– – –

 

– –

– –

 

– – –

S_Weeds

 

 

+

 

++

 

+++

 

Weeddens

 

 

++

+++

+++

 

++

 

++

Wheat

Dosage

 

 

 

 

*

*

 

 

 

Year

***

***

 

***

 

***

***

***

***

Farm

***

***

***

 

***

***

*

 

***

Treatment-index insec.

 

 

 

– – –

+++

 

 

+

S_Weeds

 

 

 

++

+

 

 

+

 

Weeddens

 

++

+

+

 

 

 

 

 

Beets

Dosage

**

 

***

**

 

***

 

 

***

Year

***

*

***

***

*

***

***

***

*

Farm

***

*

***

***

 

***

***

**

 

Treatment-index insec.

 

 

 

 

 

 

++

 

 

Weeddens(dosage)

1/1: +
1/2:
1/4: – – –