| Front page | | Contents | | Previous | | Next |

Mass Flow Analysis of Chromium and Chromium Compounds

List of references

3M (2002). Internet: http://products.3m.com/us/msds/msdsSearch.jhtml

Aalborg Portland (2001a). Environmental report and green accounts 2001.

Aalborg Portland (2001b). Financial report/accounts.

Aalborg Universitet (2002). E-mail from Per Stoltze, Professor of inter-phase chemistry, colloids and catalysis.

Aco-drain (2002). Internet: www.aco-drain.com

Actona A/S (2002). Telephone interview with Ole Sørensen. (Furniture manufacturer).

Adax (2002). Internet: www.adax.dk/

Ahlbom J, Duus U, Freilich D (1996). En nyans grönere. Sweden, Stockholm: Kemikalieinspektionen.

Akcros Chemicals Nordic A/S (2002). Information provided by Jan Helge.

Alfix A/S (2002). Internet: www.alfix.dk/rammemaindkk.htm.

American Metal Market (2000). www.amm.com.

Andersen B, Poulsen E, Hansen E (1984). Forbrug og forurening med arsen, chrom, cobalt og nikkel i Danmark - Materialestrømsanalyse, økotoksikologi, human eksponering og sundhedsmæssig vurdering. Copenhagen: The Ministry of the Environment, The Danish EPA.

Andreas Jennow A/S (2002). Information provided by Christian Thulstrup.

Andreasen H, Bernth N, Jensen PH (1997). Survey of the content of heavy metals in packagings on the Danish market. Copenhagen: The Danish EPA, The Ministry of the Environment.

National Working Environment Authority (2000). Grænseværdier for stoffer og materialer. At-vejledning C.0.1, October 2000.

ATSDR (2000). Information on chrome from ATSDR, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles.

Avesta Polarit (2002). Information provided by a staff member

BASF (2002). Information provided by Peter Ersman.

Bayer (2002). Information provided by Ole Hardrup.

Bie & Berntsen (2002). Information provided by Dirk Clemmesen.

Bielman JH (1993). Driers. Surface coatings, raw materials and their usage. London: Chapman and Hall.

Bostik A/S (2002). Internet: www.bostik.dk/.

Brancheforeningen for Elektronik (2002). Telephone interview with Kate Lindahl.

Brancheforeningen for Forbrugerelektronik (2002). Internet: www.bfe.dk.

Bundesamt für Umwelt (1995). Cadmium, Blei und Chrom in Kunststoffen. Bern: Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft.

Burcharth’s Farve- og lakfabrik A/S (2002). Information provided by Henning Petersen.

Burg AW, Charest MC (1980). Azo dyes: Evaluation of data relevant to human health and environmental safety. ETAD.

Casco A/S (2002). Telephone interview with senior environmental consultant, Jørgen Knudsen.

Cementfabrikkernes tekniske Oplysningskontor (2002a). Telephone interview with Christian Justesen, Aalborg Portland.

Cementfabrikkernes tekniske Oplysningskontor (2002b). Telephone interview with Torkild Rasmussen, Aalborg Portland.

Dahl F, Løkkegaard K (2000). Central oparbejdning af galvanisk affald. Miljøprojekt nr. 559. Copenhagen, The Danish EPA, The Ministry of the Environment.

Dahl F (2002). Expert assessment by Flemming Dahl, Wilson Engineering A/S, partly on the basis of Dahl & Løkkegaard (2000) and confidential interviews with industry stakeholders.

National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark (2002). Internet: www.dmu.dk/1_Viden/2_Miljoe-tilstand/3_luft/4_adaei/pollutant-info.asp.

Danmarks Skohandlerforening (2002). Telephone interview with Leif Bernth.

Statistics Denmark (1999a). Foreign trade by goods and country, 1998.

Statistics Denmark (1999b). Goods statistics for industry, sales of own products, Series A, B, C and D, 1998, 4^th quarter.

Statistics Denmark (2000a). Foreign trade by goods and country, 1999.

Statistics Denmark (2000b). Goods statistics for industry, sales of own products, Series A, B, C and D, 1999, 4^th quarter.

Statistics Denmark (2001a). Foreign trade by goods and country, 2000.

Statistics Denmark (2001b). Excerpts from the Supply Statistics for the years 1998, 1999 and 2000.

Statistics Denmark (2001c). Goods statistics for industry, sales of own products, Series A, B, C and D, 2000, 4^th quarter.

Statistics Denmark (2002). Information provided by Karin Holst Duer.

Dansk Bykemi (2002). Telephone interview with Svend Åge Mikkelsen, expert on chemical additives to cement and products which contain cement, Dansk Bykemi.

Dansk Imprægneringskontrol (2002). Information provided by Keld Henriksen, Danish Technological Institute.

Dansk Imprægneringsstatistik (2000). Dansk Imprægneringskontrol.

Dansk Textil og Beklædning (2002). Telephone interview with Aage Feddersen.

Danske Unipol A/S (2002). Information provided by Lars Boldt.

Design Møbler (2002). Internet: www.vils.dk/leder.htm.

Det Danske Stålvalseværk (2001). Green accounts and environmental report 2000.

Det Danske Stålvalseværk (2002a). Information provided by Zibrandt Greisen.

Det Danske Stålvalseværk (2002b). Information provided by Bent Schmidt Rasmussen.

DHI (2002). Information provided by Anders Faverbo.

DONG (2002a). Ole Thygesen, Dansk Olie og NaturGas (DONG).

DONG (2002b). Telephone interview with K. Winther, DONG (COWI).

Dyrup (2002). Information provided by Per Langholz.

ECCO Danmark A/S (2002). Telephone interview with Poul Meeks.

Elmo AB (2002). Internet: http://elmo.iis6.srv.p80.net/frameset.asp.

Elmo Leather A/S (2002). Telephone interview with Karl Otto Geweniger, Technology Manager

ELSAM A/S (2002). Analyses of coal clinker and fly ash.

EMTEC (2002a). Telephone interview with Jürgen Bunk.

EMTEC (2002b). Telephone interview with Kim Schabert.

Encyclopædia Britannica (2002). Information from www.britannica.com.

Energistyrelsen (2000). Internet: www.ens.dk/statistik/99_detal/index.htm.

EU (1998). Establishment of ecological criteria for textile products. Environmental assessment. Final report.

EU (2000a). Environment, Risk assessment of chromium trioxide, sodium chromate, sodium dichromate, ammonium dichromate and potassium dichromate. Preliminary draft. Environment Agency UK, Chemicals Assessment Section.

EU (2000b). Health, Risk assessment of chromium trioxide, sodium chromate, sodium dichromate, ammonium dichromate and potassium dichromate. Preliminary draft. Environment Agency UK, Chemicals Assessment Section.

Evans RM (1993). Polyurethane sealants, technology and applications. Basel: Technomic publishing AG.

FDFL (2002). Information provided by Anette Harbo. Foreningen for Danmarks Farve- og Lakindustri.

Flick EW (1978). Adhesive and sealant compounds and their formulations. Noyes data corporation, New Jersey USA.

Flügger (2002). Information provided by Povl Bastholm, Development Manager.

Folkekirkens Nødhjælp (2002). Telephone interview with Inge Rosendahl.

FORCE Instituttet (2002). Telephone interview with Katrine Nielsen.

FOSROC A/S (2002). Telephone interview with Bo Brasen.

Grüttner H, Jacobsen BN (1994). Miljøfremmede stoffer i rensningsanlæg -belastning og renseeffekt. Miljøprojekt nr. 278. The Danish EPA, the Ministry of the Environment.

Handskemagerlauget/Randers Handsker (2002). Telephone interview with Arne Weirum.

Hansen E (1995). Miljøvurdering af industriprodukter. Miljøprojekt nr. 281. Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Ministry of the Environment.

Hansen E, Kaas T, Larsen J, Lassen C (1999). Aluminium - massestrømsanalyse og vurdering af mulighederne for at minimere tab. Miljøprojekt nr. 478. Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Ministry of the Environment.

Hansen OC, Henriksen KH, Kofod CJ (2000). Massestrømsanalyse for træ imprægneret med chrom. Prepared by the Danish Technological Institute for the Danish Environmental Protection Agency.

Hempel (2002). Information provided by Ebbe Makholm.

Hjelmar O, Thomasen H (1992). Notat til Miljøstyrelsen vedr. rammeprogram til begrænsing af miljøskadelige stoffer i affald: deponering af restprodukter fra kulfyrede kraftværker og affaldsforbrændingsanlæg. Hørsholm: VKI Institute for the Water Environment.

Hjelmar O, Hansen JB (2002). Restprodukter fra røggasrensning på affaldsforbrændingsanlæg. Nyttiggørelse eller deponering. Hørsholm: DHI Water & Environment.

Hovmand M, Kemp K (2000). Tungmetalnedfald i Danmark 1999. National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark, the Ministry of the Environment.

Huse A, Weholt Ø, Haukland S, Hermansen R (1992). Materialstrømsanalyse av krom. Vurdering av alternativer. Oslo: Statens Forurensningstilsyn.

ICDA (2001). International Chromium Development Association. Statistical Bulletin. Volume 11: July 2001.

ICDA (2002). Internet: www.chromium-asoc.com.

Illerup JB, Geertinger A, Hoffmann L, Christiansen K (1999). Emissionsfaktorer for tungmetaller 1990-1996. Faglig rapport fra DMU, nr. 301. National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark, the Ministry of the Environment.

Imlak A/S (2002). Information provided by Ib Zacho.

Inbodan, Idé Møbler (2002). Telephone interview with Tom Ågård, procurer.

Jacoform Sko (2002). Telephone interview with Hans Hansen.

Jepsen S-E, Grüttner H (1997). Miljøfremmede stoffer i husholdningsspildevand. Måleprogram for udvalgte stoffer. Miljøprojekt nr. 357. Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Ministry of the Environment.

Kansas (2002). E-mail from Kim L. Christensen, Product Development Manager.

Kemikalieinspektionen Sverige (1995). Tillsatser i plast.

Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, the (2001). Information from website. www.kemi.kvl.dk/educate/035131/Organic/.

Kjeldgaard K (1991). Livscyklusanalyse af stål i forskellige anvendelsessituationer. Arbejdsrapport fra Miljøstyrelsen nr. 10. Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, The Ministry of the Environment.

Kjølholt J, Poll C, Jensen FK (1997). Miljøfremmede stoffer i overfladeafstrømning fra befæstede arealer. Miljøprojekt nr. 355. Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, The Ministry of the Environment.

Kommunekemi (2002a). Information provided by Per Thomsen.

Kommunekemi (2002b). Information provided by Vagn Christoffersen.

Larsen HF, Helweg C, Pedersen AR, Boyd HB, Laursen SE, Hansen J (2000). Kemikalier i tekstiler. Miljøprojekt nr. 534. Copenhagen: The Ministry of the Environment, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency.

Lassen C, Drivsholm T, Hansen E, Rasmussen B, Christiansen K (1996). Massestrømsanalyse for kobber. Forbrug, bortskaffelse og udslip til omgivelserne i Danmark. Miljøprojekt nr. 323. Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Ministry of the Environment.

Lauritzen EK, Trap N, Rydahl T, Egebart C, Krogh H, Malmgren-Hansen B, Høeg P, Jakobsen JB, Lassen C (2002). Andre problematiske stoffer i bygge- og anlægsaffald - Kortlægning og prognose for affaldsstrømme samt undersøgelse af bortskaffelsesmuligheder. Copenhagen: Demex Rådgivende Ingeniører A/S.

Liebeck Chem A/S (2002). Information provided by Paul Liebeck.

LKF Vejmarkering (2002). Information provided by Hans Peter Hansen.

Lynettefællesskabet I/S (2000). Status vedrørende tilledningen af tungmetaller og miljøfremmede organiske stoffer i slammet på renseanlæg Lynetten og Damhusåen.

Malmgren-Hansen B, Overgaard J, Cramer J (1999). Metoder til behandling af tungmetalholdigt affald, fase 1. File no. M3281-0181. The Danish Environmental Protection Agency. Publication pending.

Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the, and the Danish Energy Authority (1997). Bekendtgørelse om foranstaltninger til forebyggelse af kræftrisikoen ved arbejde med stoffer og materialer. Statutory Order no. 140 of 17 February 1997.

Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the, and the Danish Energy Authority (2000). Bekendtgørelse om klassificering, mærkning, salg og opbevaring af kemiske stoffer og produkter. Statutory Order no. 1065 of 30 November 2000.

Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the (1999a). Waste 21. The Danish Government's waste plan, 1998-2004.

Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the (1999b). Vandmiljø-99. Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Ministry of Environment and Energy.

Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the (2000). Affaldsstatistik 1999, Orientering fra Miljøstyrelsen nr. 17. The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Ministry of Environment and Energy.

Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the (2001a). Bekæmpelsesmiddelstatistik 2000. Salg 1998, 1999 og 2000: Behandlingshyppighed 1999. Orientering fra Miljøstyrelsen Nr. 10 2001.

Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the (2001b). Spildevandsslam fra kommunale og private renseanlæg i 1999. The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Ministry of Environment and Energy.

Møbelhandlernes Centralforening (2002). Telephone interview with Fritz Hansen.

Offshore-environment (2002). Internet: http://offshore-environment.com/wasteenvimpact.html.

Perry H, Green DW, Maloney JO (1997). Perry's chemical engineers handbook. McGraw-Hill.

Plastindustrien i Danmark (2002a). Information provided by Kristine Elvebakken.

Plastindustrien i Danmark (2002b). Telephone interview with Birgitte Veirup, Miljøafdelingen.

Poulsen PB, Stranddorf HK, Hjuler K, Rasmussen JO (2002). Vurdering af malings miljøbelastning i anvendelsesfasen. Miljøprojekt nr. 662. Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency.

Product Register, the (2001). Excerpts from the Product Register for the years 1999, 2000 and 2001.

PVC Information Council Denmark, the (1999). Informationer om tungmetaller i PVC. www.pvc.dk/faktaOmPvc/Faktablade/Tungmetaller.php.

PVC Information Council Denmark, the (2002). Information provided by Ole Grøndahl Hansen.

PVC Information Council Denmark, the (2002). Website: www.pvc.dk.

R98 (2002). Pilot scheme on waste collection. www.r98.dk.

Rasmussen D, Møller LM (2000). Vurdering af offshore-kemikalier der udledes til Lillebælt. Hørsholm: DONG (Not published).

Remmen A, Rasmussen DB (1999). Renere teknologi i tekstil- og beklædningsindustrien. Miljøprojekt nr. 502. Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Ministry of the Environment.

Rydin S (2002). Undersøgelse af indholdet af Cr(VI) og Cr(III) i lædervarer på det danske marked, Kortlægning nr. 3. Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Ministry of the Environment.

Sandvik Steel Danmark (2002). Information provided by a member of staff.

Scan-Rep Aps. (2002). Information provided by Georg Messmann.

Sea Consult (2002). Telephone interview with Mike Robson, Sea Consult, formerly of Maersk Oil.

Secretariat for Aluminium and Environment (2002). Interactive reference work on aluminium www.alu-info.dk/uddan/html/onlninfo/framest4.html. Supplemented by information provided by Jim Hansen.

Shoes-international (2002). Internet: www.shoesinternational.co.uk/glossary.cfm.

Sony Denmark (2002). Telephone interview with Jimmy Voss.

Statens Forurensningstilsyn (1991), Oslo. Kartleggning av miljøskadelige stoffer i plast og gummi.

Statoil A/S (2002a). Telephone interview with B. Johannesen.

Statoil A/S (2002b). Telephone interview with Jørgen Henze Pedersen, Head of Planning and Business.

Stålforeningen (2002). Information provided by a staff member.

Synetix-ICI (2002a). KATALCO 71-5. High Temperature Shift Catalyst.

www.synetix.com/refineries/pdfs/productbulletins/71-5.pdf.

Synetix-ICI (2002b) KATALCO 83-3. Low Temperature Shift Catalyst. www.synetix.com/refineries/pdfs/productbulletins/83-3.pdf.

TDK-Scandinavia (2002). Telephone interview with Beatrice Soderstrom.

Danish Technological Institute, the (2002a). Telephone interview with Søren Laursen, Tekstil og Beklædning.

Danish Technological Institute, the(2002b). Telephone interview with Dr. Stefan Rydin, Miljøteknik.

Tjep G (2000). Chemical fact sheet on chromium from Spectrum, www.speclab.com/elements/chromium.html.

Tørsløv J, Hansen E (1985). Forbrug og forurening med arsen, chrom, cobalt og nikkel. Materialestrømsanalyse, økotoksikologi, human eksponering og sundhedsmæssig vurdering. Orientering fra Miljøstyrelsen nr. 7. Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency.

Ullmann (2002). Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry.

Umweltbundesamt (2000). Internet: www.umweltbundesamt.de.

US Bureau of Mines (1994). Chromium Life Cycle Study. United States Department of the Interior. Bureau of Mines. Information Circular 9411.

DHI Water & Environment, dk-TEKNIK ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT and DTC (1999). Priority setting regarding off-shore substances and preparations. Evaluation of cleaner technology possibilities. Copenhagen: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency.

VWR (2002). Information provided by Bjarne Møller.

Williams LQ (2002). Polyester for Technical Textiles: Meeting Demands of Challenging Market. International fiber journal 16.