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Substance Flow Analysis for Dioxin 2002

Contents

Preface
   
Sammenfatning og konklusioner
Baggrund og formål
Undersøgelsen
Vigtigste konklusioner
   
Summary and conclusions
Background and objectives
The study
Main conclusions
  
1 Introduction
1.1 What are dioxins?
1.2 Formation of dioxins
1.3 Toxity equivalency factors for dioxins
1.4 Properties and degradation of dioxins
1.5 Sampling methods for measurements of dioxin emission
1.6 Basic assumptions for this investigations
1.7 Guidance for reading the report
    
2 Formation and turnover by industrial activities
2.1 Chemicals
2.1.1 Pesticide manufacturing
2.1.2 Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals
2.1.3 Chemical products
2.2 Materials manufactured by high-temperature processes
2.2.1 Raw materials
2.2.2 Clay-based insulation materials
2.2.3 Tile and bricks based on clay
2.2.4 Cement
2.2.5 Lime
2.2.6 Other materials
2.3 Metal manufacturing
2.3.1 Metal casting
2.3.2 Hot-dip galvanising
2.3.3 Steel reclamation
2.3.4 Aluminium reclamation
2.4 Feedstuff
2.4.1 Fish oil and meal
2.4.2 Meat and bone meal
2.4.3 Green feed drying
2.4.4 Feedstuff products
2.5 Food products
2.6 Pentachlorophenol
2.6.1 PCP in wood
2.6.2 PCP in leather
2.6.3 PCP in textiles
2.7 Use of chlorine for bleaching and disinfecting
2.7.1 Use in Denmark
2.7.2 Bleached products (cork and paper)
2.8 Other industrial processes
2.9 Summary
    
3 Formation and turnover by energi production activities
3.1 Coal power plants
3.2 Other fossil fuels
3.3 Biomass
3.3.1 Private wood stoves
3.3.2 Other biomass combustion plants
3.4 Summary
    
4 Formation and turnover by miscellaneous human and natural activities
4.1 Fires
4.1.1 Accidental fires in buildings, installations and transport equipment
4.1.2 Other fires
4.2 Traffic
4.3 Crematories
4.4 Other activities
4.5 Summary
    
5 Formation and turnover by waste treatment and disposal activities
5.1 Metal scrap
5.1.1 Reclamation of cable scrap
5.1.2 Shredder plants
5.2 Hazardous waste
5.2.1 Hazardous waste incineration
5.2.2 Incineration of waste oil
5.3 Municipal solid waste
5.3.1 Incineration
5.4 Healthcare risk waste
5.5 Municipal landfills
5.6 Biological waste treatment
5.7 Wastewater and sewage sludge
5.7.1 Wastewater treatment
5.7.2 Treatment and disposal of sewage sludge
5.8 Summary
   
6 Deposition
    
7 Total picture for Denmark
7.1 Formation and consumption
7.2 Emissions to the environment
7.3 Substance flow balance for Denmark
    
References
    
Annex A: List of companies contacted

 

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