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Frakturering

11. Referencer

ARS (1999). http://www.arstechnologies.com/.

Carter, R.D. (1957). Appendix to "Optimum fluid characteristics for fracture extension", af G.C. Howard and C.R. Fast, Drill. And Prod. Prac., API, 267.

Davis-Hoover, W.J, Murdoch, L.C. og Vesper, S. (1991). Hydraulic fracturing to improve nutrient and oxygen delivery for in-situ bioremediation. First International Symposium on In-situ and On-Site Bioreclamation, San Diego, CA, April 1991.

Davis, P.M.(1983). Surface deformation associated with dipping hudrofracture. J. Geoph. Resour. 88:5, 826-5,834.

Du, Y., Aydinm, A. og Murdoch L.C. (1993). Incremental growth of shallow hydraulic fracture at a waste remediation site,. 34th Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Madison, WI (June).

EPA (1991). The feasibility of hydraulic fracturing of soil to improve remedial actions. Final report. EPA/600/2.91/012 (NTIS PB91-181818).

EPA (1993a). Hydraulic fracturing technology: Applications analysis and technology evaluation report. EPA/540/R-93/505

EPA (1993b). Accutech pneumatic fracturing and hot gas injection, Phase I. Technology deminstration summary. EPA/540/SR-93/509.

EPA (1994). Alternative methods for fluid delivery and recovery. EPA/625/R-94/003.

EPA (1998). Steam injection for soil and aquifer remediation. EPA/540/S-97/505.

Ernstsen, V. (1998). Clay minerals of clayey subsoils of Weichselain Age in the Zealand-Funen area, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol. 45, pp. 39-51. Copenhagen, 1998-09-25.

FRx (1999). Internetadresse: Http://www.frx-inc.com/

Gates, D.D. og Siegrist, R.L.(1995). In-situ Chemical Oxidation of Trichloroethylene Using Hydrogen Peroxide. J. Environmental Engineering. 121(9): 639-644.

GEUS (1998). National vandressource model. Sjælland, Lolland, Falster og Møn. 1998/109. http://www.vandmodel.dk/.

Hansen, B. (1978). Geoteknik og fundering, Del I. Polyteknisk forlag.

Hansen, J. Brinch (1961). A general formula for bearing capacity. GI-Bulletin No. 11.

Harremoës, P, Ovesen, N.K og Jakobsen, H.M. (1994). Lærebog i geoteknik. 3.reviderede udgave. Polyteknisk forlag

Hart, P.H. (1997). Dewatering and Soil Vapor Extraction Using Hydraulic Fractures, Master Thesis, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH USA,1997.

Ho, S.V., Sheridan, P.W., Athmer, C.J., Heitkamp, M.A., Brackin, J.M., Weber, D. og Brodsky, P.H. (1995). Integrated In-situ soil remediation technology: the lasagna process. Environmental Science Tech., 29 (10), 2528-2534.

Hubert, M.K. og Willis, D.G. (1957). Mechanics of hydraulic fracturing. Trans. AIME, Vol. 210, pp. 153-166.

Jones, L. (1999). Fracpacking horizontal wells allows ultra-high rates from mediocre formations. Petroleum Engineer International, 37-40 (Juli).

Ladd, C.C. og Foott, R. (1974). New design procedures for stability of soft clays. ASCE, Vol. No. 100, GT/, 763-786.

Mackay, D.M. og Cherry, J.A. (1989). groundwater contamination: Pump-and-treat remediation. EST, 23(6):620-636.

Miljøstyrelsen (1996). Barriers to development and application of new remedial technology. Soil and groundwater project no. 21.

Morgenstern, N.R. og Vaughan, P.R. (1963). Some observations on allowable grouting pressures. In: Grouts and drilling muds in engineering practice, Butterworths, London.

Murdoch, L.C., Losonsky, G., Klich, I. og Cluxton, P. (1990). Hydraulic fractures to increase fluid flow. Contaminated Soil ’90, ed. F.Arendt, M. Hinsenfeld and W.J. van der Brink, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 1087-1094.

Murdoch, L.C. (1993). Hydraulic Fracturing of Soil During Laboratory Experiments, Part III: Theoretical Analysis. Geotechnique, 43 No 2, 277-287.

Murdoch, L.C. (1997). Hydraulic fracturing – an innovative technology for enhancing the extraction of volatile pollutants from low permeables. ATV-Vintermøde, 11-12 marts 1997. Vingstedcentret. (Foredrag).

Murdoch, L.C. og Chen, J.-L. (1997). Effects of conductive fractures during in-situ electroosmosis. J. Hazardous Mat., 55, 239-262.

Murdoch, L., Slack, W., Siegrist, B., Vesper, S. og Meiggs, T. (1997). Hydraulic Fracturing Advances. Civil Engineering. Am. Soc. Civil Eng. May 1997. pp. 10A-12A.

Nolte, K.G. og Smith, M.B. (1981). Interpretation of fracturing pressures. J. Petr. Tech., Trans. AIME. 1767-1775.

O´Hannesin, S.F. og Gillham, R.W. (1998). Long-term performance of an in-situ "Iron Wall" for remediation of VOC´s. Groundwater. 36(1): 64-170.

Ovens, J.E.V., Larsen, F.P. og Cowie, D.R. (1998). Making sense of water injection fractures in the Dan Field. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, Dec. 1998.

Perkins, T.K. og Kern, I.R.(1961). Widths of hydraulic fractures, J. Pet. Tech., Trans. AIME, Vol. 222.

Schuring, J.R. og Chan, P.C. (1992). Removal of contaminants from the vadose zone by pneumatic fracturing. NTIS PB92-161207, Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division (January).

Schroeder, S., Mckenzie, D. og Murdoch, L.C. (1992). Soil vapor extraction from hydraulic fractures in glacial till: initial field testing in Chicago, Illinois. Air and Waste Management Conference, Kansas City, MO, June 21-26, 1992.

Shapiro, A.P. og Probstein, R.F. (1993). Removal of contaminants from saturated clay by electroosmosis. Environmental Science Technology, 1993, 27, 283-291.

Sidle, R.C., Nilsson, B., Hansen, M. og Fredericia, J. (1998). Spatially varying hydraulic and solute transport characteristics of a fractured till determined by field tracer tests, Funen, Denmark. Water Resources Research, 34(10), 2515-2527.

Siegrist, R.L., Lowe, K.S., Murdoch, L.C., Case, T.L., Pickering, D.A. og Houk, T.C. (1998a). Horizontal Treatment Barriers of Fracture-Emplaced Iron and Permanganate Particles. Proc. Treatment Walls and Permeable Reactive Barriers. 1998 Special Session of the NATO/CCMS Pilot Study on Evaluation of Demonstrated and Emerging Technologies for the Treatment of Contaminated Land and Groundwater. EPA 542-R-98-003. May 1998. pp. 77-82.

Siegrist, R.L., Lowe, K.S., Murdoch, L.C., Slack, W. og Houk, T.C. (1998b). X-231A Demonstration of In-situ Remediation of DNAPL Compounds in Low Permeability Media by Soil Fracturing with Thermally Enhanced Mass Recovery or Reactive Barrier Destruction. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report, ORNL/TM-13534. March 1998.

Siegrist, R.L., Lowe, K.S., Murdoch, L.C., Case, T.L. og Pickering, D.A. (1999). In-situ Oxidation by Fracture Emplaced Reactive Solids. J. Environmental Engineering. Am. Soc. Civil Eng. May 1999.

Smith, M.B., Miller, W.K. og Haga, J. (1987). Tip screenout fracturing: A technique for soft unstable formations. SPE Production Engineering. 2:95-103.

Snow, D.T. (1969). Anisotropic permeability of fractured media. Water Resources Res., 5, 1273-1289.

Sun, R.J.(1969). Theoretical size of hydraulically induced fractures and corresponding surface uplift in an idealized medium. J. Geoph.ys. Resour. 74:5,995-5,6,011.

Vesper, S. J., Murdoch, L.C., Hayes, S. og Davis-Hoover, W.J. (1994a). Solid oxygen source for bioremediation in subsurface soils. J.Haz.mat. 36: 265-274.

Vesper, S.J., Narayanaswamy, M., Murdoch, L.C. og Davis-Hoover, W.J. (1994b). Hydraulic fracturing to enhance in-situ bioreclamation of subsurface soils. In: Hinchee,R., Anderson, D.B., Metting, F.B., Sayles, G.D. (eds.), Applied biotechnology for site remediation. Lewis Publishers. Boca raton, FL. USA. pp. 36-48.

Vestsjællands Amt (1997). Sprækker i moræneler ved Haslev. Undersøgelse af sprækkers optræden. Opridelse og udbredelse af tjæreforurenet grund i Haslev (tidligere Haslev Gasværk). GEUS, rapport 1997/154 Udarbejdet for Natur & Miljø, Vestsjællands Amt.

Vestsjællands Amt (1998a). Rekord Rens, Vestergade 10, Haslev. Skitseprojekt, Afrapportering af fase 1-3, maj 1998. Nellemann, Nielsen & Rauschenberger. Udarbejdet for Natur & Miljø, Vestsjællands Amt.

Vestsjællands Amt (1998b). Rekord Rens, Vestergade 10, Haslev. Skitseprojekt, Afrapportering af fase 4, juli 1998. Nellemann, Nielsen & Rauschenberger. Udarbejdet for Natur & Miljø, Vestsjællands Amt.

Waltz, J.P. og Decker, T.L. (1981). Hydro-fracturing offers many benefits. Johnson Drillers J. 53:4-9.

Wang, T., Stodt, J.A., Stierman, D.J. og Murdoch, L.C. (1991). Mapping hydraulic fractures using a borehole-to-surface electrical resistivity method. In: B.K.Sternberg, M.M. Poulton and M.J. Sully (Editors), Int. Symp. On Borehole Geophysics method: petroleum, Hydrogeology, Mining and Engineering Applications. Geoexploration, 28: 349-369.

Whiting, T., Slack, W. og Murdoch, L.C. (1998). Dual-Phase Extraction with Hydraulic Fractures at a Superfund Site. First International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey CA USA, May1998. Konference-artikel findes på hjemmeside: www.frx-inc.com

Wolf, A.. og Murdoch, L.C. (1993). A field test of the effect of sand-filled hydraulic fractures on air flow in silty clay till. Proceedings of the Seventh national Outdoor Action Conference, Las Vegas, NV (May).


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