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Effects of Mechanical Weed Control in Spring Cereals – Flora, Fauna and Economy

Appendix B1. Summary of the fate of Skylark nests found on the study fields in 2004 and 2005. “Successful” indicates that at least one young left the nest.[1]

Year Farm 2 x weed harrowing 4 x weed harrowing
No. of nests Fate No. of nests Fate
2004 Asnæsgård 5 5 successful 4 1 predated
3 successful
Gl Oremandsgård 0   0  
Oremandsgård 8 1 destroyed by harrowing
1 destroyed by heavy rain
1 predated
5 successful 1)		 1 1 successful 1)
Vibygård NV 4 1 destroyed by heavy rain
3 successful 2)		 0  
Vibygård SØ 7 4 predated
3 successful		 8 2 destroyed by harrowing
4 predated
2 successful
Viskingegård 5 1 predated
4 successful		 4 1 abandoned
2 predated
1 successful 3)
2005 Asnæsgård 10 5 predated
5 successful		 11 4 destroyed by harrowing
6 predated
1 successful
Gl. Oremandsgård 2 1 predated
1 successful		 1 1 predated
Oremandsgård 3 1 predated
2 successful		 4 3 destroyed by harrowing
1 successful 3)
Vibygård NV 6 2 destroyed by harrowing
1 abandoned
3 successful		 7 4 predated
3 successful
Vibygård SØ 6 1 predated
5 successful		 2 2 destroyed by harrowing
Viskingegård 1 1 successful 5 1 destroyed by harrowing
1 abandoned
1 predated
1 inviable? 4)
1 successful
Total   57 3 destroyed by harrowing
1 abandoned
2 destroyed by heavy rain
14 predated
37 successful		 47 12 destroyed by harrowing
2 abandoned
19 predated
1 inviable?
13 successful

1)  No. of young in one nest heavy rain soaking the nest

2)  No. of young in two nests reduced by heavy rain soaking the nest

3)  No. of young reduced by weed harrowing

4)  Found with one small young and 4 unhatched eggs; young had disappeared at next visitreduced by


Appendix B2 - Summary of the fate of Lapwing nests found on the study fields.

B.2.1. Lapwing nests found on the experimental fields on Zealand in 2004 and 2005. All fields were spring-sown with wheat. In all treatment plots, one of the weed harrowings was performed before or coinciding with emergence of the crop.

Year Farm 2 x weed harrowing (B + 1) 4 x weed harrowing (B + 3)
No. of nests Fate No. of nests Fate
2004 Oremandsgård 8 2 abandoned with 1 egg
3 destroyed by harrowing
3 predated		 1 1 destroyed by harrowing
Vibygård NV 0   6 1 destroyed by harrowing
1 predated
4 hatched 1)
2005 Asnæsgård 3 1 destroyed by harrowing
1 predated
1 hatched 1)		 0  
Gl. Oremandsgård 0   2 2 destroyed by harrowing
Vibygård NV 7 2 destroyed by harrowing
1 destroyed by sowing 2)
1 predated
2 hatched 3)
1 unknown 4)		 5 3 destroyed by harrowing
1 abandoned / predated
1 hatched 1)
Vibygård SØ 2 1 predated
1 hatched		 0  
Viskingegård 2 1 predated
1 hatched		 0  
Total   22 2 abandoned with 1 egg
6 destroyed by harrowing
1 destroyed by sowing
7 predated
5 hatched
1 unknown		 14 7 destroyed by harrowing
1 predated
1 abandoned / predated
5 hatched

1)  No. of eggs in all nests reduced by weed harrowing

2)  Nest placed in moist area sown 51 days later than the rest of the field

3)  One nest with reduced no. of eggs after weed harrowing, the other nest in area left untreated at the 2nd harrowing

4)  Eggshell fragments in nest; predated, destroyed by weed harrowing or hatched ?

B.2.2. Lapwing nests found on the Kalø fields in 2004 and 2005. All fields were spring-sown with wheat. All three weed harrowings were performed after crop emergence.

Year Field No weed harrowing 3 x weed harrowing
No. of nests Fate No. of nests Fate
2004 Krovang 2 1 abandoned
1 hatched		 0  
Keglehøj 0   0  
2005 Krovang 7 7 hatched 1 1 destroyed by harrowing
Keglehøj 3 1 abandoned / predated
2 predated		 0  
Total   12 1 abandoned
1 abandoned / predated
2 predated
8 hatched		 1 1 destroyed by harrowing

* One cracked egg left in nest; 3 other eggs predated or hatched

B.2.3. Lapwing nests found on Vibygård in 2006.

Crop No. of nests Fate
Permanent grass 16 1 abandoned with 1 egg
2 predated
1 with inviable foetuses 4)
9 hatched
3 still incubated on 10 May 5)
2nd year grass/clover 3 3 hatched
Spring oats with undersown grass 7 1) 7 destroyed by soil treatments
3 2) 3 destroyed by rolling
9 3) 8 hatched
1 still incubated on 8 June
Spring oats, 2+1 weed harrowings
(2 pre- and 1 post-emergence)		 3 2 destroyed by weed harrowing
1 still incubated on 31 May 5)

1)  Nests established before ploughing and sowing

2)  Nests established bewteen sowing and rolling

3)  Nests established after rolling

4)  One died during hatching, other eggs unhatched

5)  Registration period curtailed to avoid conflicts with hunting interests

Footnotes

[1] FØL.JORD 14/4/4: 1 udkast til rapport til drøftelse på følgegruppemøde den 2. februar 2007

 

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Version 1.0 August 2007, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency