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Life Cycle Assessment of Slurry Management Technologies

Contents

Preface

Definitions and abbreviations

Sammenfatning og konklusioner

• Formål
• Referencesystemer og alternative teknologier
• Basis for sammenligningen: Den funktionelle enhed
• Systemgrænser
• Tidsmæssig, geografisk og teknologisk dækning
• Miljøpåvirkninger og ressourcer
• Referencesystemet
  • Beskrivelse af referencesystemet
  • Data for referencesystemet
  • Resultater
• Scenarie for forsuring af gylle i et Infarm NH4+ forsuringsanlæg
  • Formål
  • Beskrivelse af systemet
  • Resultater
• Scenarie for Samson Bimatech Energianlæg
  • Formål
  • Beskrivelse af systemet
  • Resultater
• Scenarie for anvendelse af fiberpiller som gødning
  • Formål
  • Beskrivelse af systemet
  • Resultater

Summary and conclusions

• Objectives of the study
• Reference scenarios and alternatives
• Basis for the comparison: The functional unit
• System boundaries
• Temporal, geographical and technological coverage
• Environmental Impacts and Resources
• Reference scenarios
  • System description for the reference scenarios
  • Data for the reference scenario
  • Results of the impact assessment
• Scenario for the Infarm NH4+ acidification of slurry
  • Goal
  • System description
  • Results of the impact assessment
• Scenario for the Samson Bimatech Energy Plant
  • Goal
  • System description
  • Results of the impact assessment
• Scenario for fibre pellets used as fertiliser
  • Goal
  • System description
  • Results of the impact assessment

1 Introduction and objectives

• 1.1 Background
• 1.2 Objectives of the study
• 1.3 Organisation, Participants and Target Groups

2 Scope

• 2.1 Methodology
• 2.2 Reference scenarios and alternatives
• 2.3 Consequential approach
• 2.4 Basis for the comparison: The functional unit
• 2.5 System boundaries
• 2.6 Temporal, geographical and technological coverage
• 2.7 Environmental Impacts and Resources

3 Reference scenarios

• 3.1 System Description
• 3.2 Composition of reference slurry
• 3.3 Data for the reference scenario
• 3.4 Results of the Impact Assessment
  • 3.4.1 Overall results of the impact assessment for the reference scenarios
  • 3.4.2 Normalised results
  • 3.4.3 Global warming
  • 3.4.4 Acidification
  • 3.4.5 Aquatic eutrophication (N)
  • 3.4.6 Aquatic eutrophication (P)
  • 3.4.7 Photochemical Ozone Formation (“smog”)
  • 3.4.8 Respiratory inorganics (small particles)
  • 3.4.9 Non-renewable energy resources
• 3.5 Conclusion

4 Acidification of slurry

• 4.1 System description
• 4.2 Results of the Impact Assessment
  • 4.2.1 Overall results of the comparison
  • 4.2.2 Sensitivity analysis
  • 4.2.3 Global warming
  • 4.2.4 Acidification (the environmental impact)
  • 4.2.5 Aquatic eutrophication (N)
  • 4.2.6 Aquatic eutrophication (P)
  • 4.2.7 Photochemical Ozone Formation (“smog”)
  • 4.2.8 Respiratory inorganics (small particles)
  • 4.2.9 Non-renewable energy resources
  • 4.2.10 Consumption of phosphorus as a resource
• 4.3 Conclusion

5 Fibre Pellets combusted in Energy Plant

• 5.1 System description
• 5.2 Results of the Impact Assessment
  • 5.2.1 Overall results of the comparison
  • 5.2.2 Sensitivity analysis
  • 5.2.3 Global warming
  • 5.2.4 Acidification (environmental impact)
  • 5.2.5 Aquatic eutrophication (N)
  • 5.2.6 Aquatic eutrophication (P)
  • 5.2.7 Photchemical ozone formation (“smog”)
  • 5.2.8 Respiratory inorganics (small particles)
  • 5.2.9 Non-renewable energy resources
  • 5.2.10 Consumption of phosphorus as a resource
• 5.3 Conclusion

6 Fibre Pellets used as fertiliser

• 6.1 System description
• 6.2 Results of the Impact Assessment
  • 6.2.1 Overall results of the comparison
  • 6.2.2 Sensitivity analysiss
  • 6.2.3 Global warming
  • 6.2.4 Acidification (environmental impact)
  • 6.2.5 Aquatic eutrophication (N) and (P)
  • 6.2.6 Aquatic eutrophication (P)
  • 6.2.7 Photochemical ozone formation (“smog”)
  • 6.2.8 Respiratory inorganics (small particles)
  • 6.2.9 Non-renewable energy resources
  • 6.2.10 Consumption of phosphorus as a resource
• 6.3 Conclusion

7 References

Annex A. Reference Scenarios – Life Cycle Inventory data

• A.1 System Description and composition of reference slurry
  • A.1.1 System description
  • A.1.2 Composition of the reference slurry
  • A.1.3 Mass balances for N, P and K
  • A.1.4 Mass balances for Dry Matter, VS, Ash, Carbon, Cu and Zn
• A.2 In-house storage of slurry
  • A.2.1 System boundaries for the in-house storage of slurry
  • A.2.2 Emissions of CH4 and CO2
  • A.2.3 Emissions of NH3, N2O and other N compounds
  • A.2.4 Discharges to water and soil
  • A.2.5 Summary of the Life Cycle Inventory Data
• A.3 Storage
  • A.3.1 System boundaries and description of the process “Storage”
  • A.3.2 Emissions of CH4 and CO2
  • A.3.3 Emissions of NH3, N2O and other N compounds
  • A.3.4 Discharges to water and soil
  • A.3.5 Energy consumption for pumping and stirring
  • A.3.6 Electricity production
  • A.3.7 Summary of the Life Cycle Inventory Data
• A.4 Transport to field
  • A.4.1 System boundaries and description of the process “Transport to field”
  • A.4.2 Summary of the Life Cycle Inventory Data
• A.5 Field processes
  • A.5.1 System boundaries and description of the process “Field Processes”
  • A.5.2 Emissions of CH4 and CO2
  • A.5.3 Emissions of NH3, N2O and other N compounds
  • A.5.4 Emissions of N2O and NOX
  • A.5.5 Nitrogen leaching
  • A.5.6 Phosphorus leaching
  • A.5.7 Summary of the Life Cycle Inventory Data
• A.6 Avoided mineral fertilisers
  • A.6.1 Amount of replaced mineral fertilisers
  • A.6.2 Market considerations for mineral fertilisers
  • A.6.3 Marginal N fertiliser
  • A.6.4 Marginal P fertiliser
  • A.6.5 Marginal K fertiliser
  • A.6.6 Summary of the Life Cycle Inventory Data

Annex B. Acidification of slurry – Life Cycle Inventory data

• B.1 System description
• B.2 In-house storage of acidified slurry
• B.3 Acidification of slurry in Infarm NH4+ system
• B.4 Production of sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)
• B.5 storage of acidified slurry
• B.6 Transport of acidified slurry to field
• B.7 Field processes (acidified slurry)
• B.8 Avoided mineral fertilisers (N, P and K)
• B.9 Avoided mineral fertilisers (S)
• B.10 Impacts on crop production

Annex C. Samson Bimatech Mechanical Separation – Life Cycle Inventory data

• C.1 System description
• C.2 In-house storage of slurry
• C.3 Storage of slurry in pre-tank
• C.4 Samson Bimatech Mechanical Separation
• C.5 Outdoor storage of the liquid fraction
• C.6 Transport of the liquid fraction to field
• C.7 Field processes (liquid fraction)
• C.8 Avoided mineral fertilisers

Annex D. Fibre Pellets combusted in Energy Plant – Life Cycle Inventory data

• D.1 System description
• D.2 In-house storage of slurry
• D.3 Storage of slurry in pre-tank
• D.4 Energy plant
• D.5 Outdoor storage of the liquid fraction
• D.6 Transport of the liquid fraction to field
• D.7 Field processes (Liquid fraction)
• D.8 Avoided production of mineral fertilisers
• D.9 Storage of fibre pellets
• D.10 Avoided heat production
• D.11 Storage of ash
• D.12 Transport of Ash to Field
• D.13 Field processes (ash)

Annex E. Pellet production for fertilising – Life Cycle Inventory data

• E.1 System description
• E.2 In-house storage of slurry
• E.3 Storage of slurry in pre-tank
• E.4 Mehcanical separation and Fibre pellet production
• E.5 Outdoor storage of the liquid fraction
• E.6 Transport of the liquid fraction to field
• E.7 Field processes (Liquid fraction)
• E.8 Avoided production of mineral fertilisers
• E.9 Storage of fibre pellets
• E.10 Transport to field (fibre pellets)
• E.11 Field processes (fibre pellets)
• E.12 Storage of ash
• E.13 Transport of Ash to Field
• E.14 Field processes (ash)

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Version 1.0 July 2009, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency