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Fastsættelse af vilkår for lugt fra store åbne arealkilder

Summary and conclusions

• Sewage treatment plants
• Composting plant (not composting of domestic waste)

The report goes through conditions about development of odour from open area sources including the possibilities of measuring the odour.

The problematic, open area sources are typically found in plants with biological activity where among other things bad odour might be developed if the relevant parameters are not controlled correctly. Anaerobic conditions in both composting and in sewage treatment plants cause formation of sulphur compounds that have very low odour thresholds and unpleasant odour.

Measuring results in Denmark and abroad show a large variation even in plants of same type and same form of operation. The large deviations are to a great extent due to the fact that area sources show a large variation above the surface and over time. Furthermore, different measuring methods are used and none of them is standardized.

Measurements of odour can be used for comparative assessment of different processes and for instance initiatives for reduction of odour. Measurements of single substances that can be correlated with odour are a possibility, which is to be analysed.

An increased communication with the surroundings is valuable because in this way a large knowledge is obtained as well as a better understanding among the neighbours for the company is obtained. If experience in the surroundings can be correlated with occurrences or variations in the parameters in the plant the possibilities for corrective actions are large.

It is assumed to be relevant to work with registration of meteorological data and contemporary operation of the plant so action to a higher degree can be taken in time before the odour reaches the neighbours.

It is difficult to suggest final conditions for environmental approvals as the development in this area is supposed to result in new recognitions in the near future. The following conditions are recommended on basis of the results of the present investigation.

Sewage treatment plants

• Operation parameters that are relevant for the development of odour have to be measured regularly in time and place and have to be reported as a part of the documentation of the operation.

• The plants have to be situated at a distance from the nearest residence, which is laid down by means of accepted emission factors and nomograms for identification of distances for different emissions.

• Odour has to be documented at planned changes of the production form in comparison with the production up to now. The documentation must with great certainty show the relative effect of the planned changes.
• All occurrences with a special development of odour have to be recorded and reported.

Composting plant (not composting of domestic waste)

• The amount of material has to be adapted to the distance of the plant to the nearest residence. The distance is determined in accordance with a form that is carried out according to a Dutch model.

• Operation parameters that are relevant for the development of odour have to be measured regularly in time and place and have to be reported as a part of the documentation of the operation.

• Odour has to be documented at planned changes of the production form in comparison with the production up to now. The documentation must with great certainty show the relative effect of the planned changes.

• Operation parameters that are not optimal have to be corrected through for instance:
  • aeration
  • watering
  • composition of the material
  • construction of the plant

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Version 1.0 December 2007, © Miljøstyrelsen.