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Environmental and Health Assessment of Substances in Household Detergents and
Cosmetic Detergent Products
Ready biodegradability tests
The ready biodegradability tests were performed according to the OECD 301F guideline
(manometric respirometry test) with the sole deviation that the concentration of the test
substances was 20 mg/l. One substance, C16 alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, was
tested at 10 mg/l. The tests were performed in a an automatic respirometer which was set
to monitor the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) three times per day. The biodegradability
of the reference substance, sodium benzoate, was > 60% during 14 days.
Table A1
Ultimate aerobic biodegradability of C12-18 alcohol ethoxylate, EO10
(end-capped with n-butylether) in the manometric respirometry test OECD 301F.
Time
(days) |
Average
biodegradability
(% ThOD) |
SD
(% ThOD)* |
0 |
0,0 |
0,0 |
1 |
2,7 |
0,1 |
2 |
20,8 |
0,2 |
3 |
26,1 |
0,6 |
4 |
33,2 |
0,1 |
5 |
39,9 |
1,0 |
6 |
44,1 |
0,8 |
7 |
48,4 |
2,2 |
8 |
53,9 |
4,3 |
9 |
60,1 |
4,7 |
10 |
65,4 |
4,5 |
11 |
70,0 |
4,6 |
12 |
74,4 |
5,4 |
13 |
77,6 |
6,0 |
14 |
80,8 |
6,1 |
15 |
83,4 |
5,6 |
16 |
85,5 |
5,2 |
17 |
87,2 |
5,0 |
18 |
88,7 |
4,9 |
19 |
89,9 |
4,6 |
20 |
91,0 |
4,4 |
21 |
91,9 |
4,3 |
22 |
92,8 |
4,3 |
23 |
93,6 |
4,3 |
24 |
94,5 |
4,5 |
25 |
95,5 |
4,6 |
26 |
96,3 |
4,6 |
27 |
97,0 |
4,4 |
28 |
97,7 |
4,1 |
*SD, standard deviation of 3 replicates.
Figure A1 Look here!
Ultimate aerobic biodegradability of C12-18 alcohol ethoxylate, EO10
(end-capped with n-butylether) in the manometric respirometry test OECD 301F.
Table A2
Ultimate aerobic biodegradability of C16 alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (10
mg/l) in the manometric respirometry test OECD 301F.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(% ThOD) |
SD
(% ThOD)* |
0 |
0,0 |
0,0 |
1 |
-17,0 |
0,8 |
2 |
-26,8 |
2,1 |
3 |
25,7 |
4,2 |
4 |
31,4 |
3,8 |
5 |
30,0 |
3,7 |
6 |
28,4 |
4,5 |
7 |
34,9 |
6,9 |
8 |
38,7 |
4,4 |
9 |
39,6 |
4,1 |
10 |
37,5 |
4,3 |
11 |
34,8 |
5,1 |
12 |
32,7 |
5,4 |
13 |
31,4 |
7,3 |
14 |
30,4 |
8,5 |
15 |
31,2 |
8,4 |
16 |
34,9 |
5,2 |
17 |
35,3 |
5,7 |
18 |
36,0 |
6,3 |
19 |
36,7 |
7,1 |
20 |
37,7 |
7,9 |
21 |
38,6 |
8,7 |
22 |
39,0 |
9,9 |
23 |
39,6 |
10,4 |
24 |
39,3 |
11,1 |
25 |
39,2 |
11,7 |
26 |
39,3 |
12,6 |
27 |
39,7 |
13,6 |
28 |
39,7 |
14,2 |
*SD, standard deviation of 4 replicates.
Figure A2 Look here!
Ultimate aerobic biodegradability of C16 alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (10
mg/l) in the manometric respirometry test OECD 301F.
Table A3
Ultimate aerobic biodegradability of C12 alkyliminodipropionate in the
manometric respirometry test OECD 301F.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(% ThOD) |
SD
(% ThOD)* |
0 |
0,0 |
0,0 |
1 |
-1,9 |
0,2 |
2 |
1,3 |
1,0 |
3 |
12,8 |
1,9 |
4 |
27,3 |
1,4 |
5 |
33,0 |
1,7 |
6 |
41,1 |
2,1 |
7 |
49,7 |
1,7 |
8 |
55,2 |
1,9 |
9 |
60,2 |
2,0 |
10 |
64,3 |
2,5 |
11 |
68,7 |
2,2 |
12 |
72,7 |
1,9 |
13 |
76,1 |
1,8 |
14 |
79,1 |
2,4 |
15 |
81,5 |
2,9 |
16 |
83,5 |
3,5 |
17 |
85,3 |
4,2 |
18 |
87,0 |
4,8 |
19 |
88,4 |
5,4 |
20 |
89,8 |
5,8 |
21 |
91,1 |
6,1 |
22 |
92,3 |
6,4 |
23 |
93,7 |
6,5 |
24 |
94,9 |
6,7 |
25 |
96,1 |
6,8 |
26 |
97,2 |
6,9 |
27 |
98,0 |
7,0 |
28 |
98,6 |
7,1 |
*SD, standard deviation of 4 replicates.
Figure A3 Look here!
Ultimate aerobic biodegradability of C12 alkyliminodipropionate in the
manometric respirometry test OECD 301F.
Table A4
Ultimate aerobic biodegradability of methylparaben in the manometric respirometry test
OECD 301F.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(% ThOD) |
SD
(% ThOD)* |
0 |
0,0 |
0,0 |
1 |
-5,1 |
0,2 |
2 |
-8,2 |
1,1 |
3 |
35,5 |
1,2 |
4 |
49,1 |
0,6 |
5 |
57,0 |
0,3 |
6 |
63,0 |
0,8 |
7 |
67,2 |
0,7 |
8 |
70,1 |
1,4 |
9 |
72,7 |
2,3 |
10 |
75,2 |
3,2 |
11 |
77,8 |
3,4 |
12 |
80,0 |
3,4 |
13 |
81,9 |
3,4 |
14 |
83,6 |
3,5 |
15 |
85,2 |
3,7 |
16 |
86,6 |
3,7 |
17 |
87,9 |
3,7 |
18 |
89,1 |
3,6 |
19 |
89,8 |
3,5 |
20 |
90,4 |
3,4 |
21 |
90,8 |
3,3 |
22 |
91,1 |
3,4 |
23 |
91,4 |
3,4 |
24 |
91,6 |
3,5 |
25 |
91,7 |
3,5 |
26 |
91,9 |
3,6 |
27 |
92,1 |
3,6 |
28 |
92,2 |
3,7 |
*SD, standard deviation of 4 replicates.
Figure A4 Look here!
Ultimate aerobic biodegradability of methylparaben in the manometric respirometry test
OECD 301F.
Table A5
Ultimate aerobic biodegradability of ethylparaben in the manometric respirometry test
OECD 301F.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(% ThOD) |
SD
(% ThOD)* |
0 |
0,0 |
0,0 |
1 |
0,4 |
0,5 |
2 |
-0,2 |
0,7 |
3 |
17,5 |
4,0 |
4 |
51,8 |
9,4 |
5 |
57,0 |
10,7 |
6 |
61,2 |
10,9 |
7 |
64,4 |
10,9 |
8 |
67,1 |
11,1 |
9 |
69,8 |
11,6 |
10 |
72,2 |
12,7 |
11 |
74,4 |
13,1 |
12 |
76,4 |
13,6 |
13 |
78,4 |
13,7 |
14 |
80,0 |
13,9 |
15 |
81,4 |
13,9 |
16 |
82,3 |
14,1 |
17 |
83,4 |
13,8 |
18 |
84,3 |
13,6 |
19 |
85,0 |
13,5 |
20 |
85,5 |
13,5 |
21 |
86,2 |
13,4 |
22 |
86,6 |
13,5 |
23 |
87,1 |
13,6 |
24 |
87,5 |
13,6 |
25 |
87,8 |
13,7 |
26 |
88,1 |
13,9 |
27 |
88,3 |
14,0 |
28 |
88,4 |
14,1 |
*SD, standard deviation of 4 replicates.
Figure A5 Look here!
Ultimate aerobic biodegradability of ethylparaben in the manometric respirometry test OECD
301F.
Table A6
Ultimate aerobic biodegradability of propylparaben in the manometric respirometry test
OECD 301F.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(% ThOD) |
SD
(% ThOD)* |
0 |
0,0 |
0,0 |
1 |
-0,5 |
0,2 |
2 |
-2,5 |
0,7 |
3 |
20,1 |
13,2 |
4 |
52,4 |
1,7 |
5 |
56,3 |
2,1 |
6 |
61,1 |
2,0 |
7 |
64,5 |
2,0 |
8 |
67,4 |
3,1 |
9 |
70,3 |
4,5 |
10 |
73,0 |
6,0 |
11 |
75,3 |
6,1 |
12 |
77,4 |
6,2 |
13 |
79,2 |
6,1 |
14 |
80,9 |
5,8 |
15 |
82,5 |
5,5 |
16 |
83,9 |
5,1 |
17 |
85,2 |
4,7 |
18 |
86,4 |
4,5 |
19 |
87,4 |
4,3 |
20 |
88,2 |
4,3 |
21 |
88,8 |
4,3 |
22 |
89,4 |
4,4 |
23 |
89,9 |
4,5 |
24 |
90,3 |
4,5 |
25 |
90,7 |
4,6 |
26 |
91,0 |
4,7 |
27 |
91,3 |
4,8 |
28 |
91,5 |
4,9 |
*SD, standard deviation of 4 replicates.
Figure A6 Look here!
Ultimate aerobic biodegradability of propylparaben in the manometric respirometry test
OECD 301F.
Anaerobic biodegradability tests
The anaerobic biodegradability tests were performed as described in the ISO 11734
guideline. The inoculum concentration was 1.0 g digested sludge dry weight per litre of
final test medium, and the concentration of the test substances was typically 15-20 mg C/l
(actual concentrations are stated for each test run). The incubation temperature was 35° C during a test period of normally 56 days. The test period was
prolonged to 84 or 90 days for some of the substances. The materials and methods used have
been described previously (Madsen et al. 1995; 1996a). The anaerobic
biodegradability of the reference substance, sodium benzoate, attained 66 and 71% ThGP
during 56 days in two test runs.
Table A7
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of C12-14 alkyl sulfate (13.0 mg C/l) in
the biogas production screening test ISO 11734.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
-48.9 |
2.5 |
14 |
-91.1 |
9.8 |
21 |
-56.5 |
20.6 |
28 |
20.3 |
11.1 |
35 |
60.7 |
10.8 |
42 |
75.3 |
4.1 |
49 |
78.1 |
1.6 |
56 |
81.3 |
2.5 |
56 (after acidification) |
84.8 |
1.9 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A7
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of C12-14 alkyl sulfate (13.0 mg C/l) in
the biogas production screening test ISO 11734.
Table A8
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of coconut fatty acid, potassium salt (20.0 mg C/l) in
the biogas production screening test ISO 11734.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
-47.7 |
4.5 |
14 |
22.1 |
8.9 |
21 |
71.3 |
8.1 |
28 |
82.2 |
4.3 |
35 |
90.5 |
2.3 |
42 |
96.3 |
1.9 |
49 |
97.9 |
7.0 |
56 |
98.8 |
1.0 |
56 (after acidification) |
99.2 |
2.5 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A8
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of coconut fatty acid, potassium salt (20.0 mg C/l) in
the biogas production screening test ISO 11734.
Table A9
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of C12-15 alcohol ethoxylate, EO7 (15.7 mg
C/l) in the biogas production screening test ISO 11734.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
-47.3 |
0.1 |
14 |
-115.1 |
< 0.05 |
21 |
-146.4 |
< 0.05 |
28 |
-161.6 |
< 0.05 |
35 |
-131.2 |
0.1 |
42 |
-44.9 |
0.1 |
49 |
-11.3 |
0.1 |
56 |
13.1 |
< 0.05 |
63 |
30.5 |
< 0.05 |
70 |
35.5 |
< 0.05 |
84 |
34.2 |
0.1 |
84 (after acidification) |
35.2 |
0.1 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A9
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of C12-15 alcohol ethoxylate, EO7 (15.7 mg
C/l) in the biogas production screening test ISO 11734.
Table A10
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of C8 alcohol ethoxylate, EO5 (end-capped
with n-butylether; 13.5 mg C/l) in the biogas production screening test ISO 11734.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
-68.0 |
1.2 |
14 |
-153.1 |
2.1 |
21 |
-194.2 |
1.2 |
28 |
-217.4 |
1.2 |
35 |
-205.8 |
15.0 |
42 |
-137.5 |
9.5 |
49 |
-85.7 |
30.9 |
56 |
-62.8 |
9.2 |
63 |
-45.6 |
4.6 |
70 |
-38.9 |
2.4 |
84 |
-40.1 |
1.5 |
84 (after acidification) |
-35.2 |
7.0 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A10
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of C8 alcohol ethoxylate, EO5 (end-capped
with n-butylether; 13.5 mg C/l) in the biogas production screening test ISO 11734.
Table A11
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of C12-18 alcohol ethoxylate, EO10
(end-capped with n-butylether; 16.3 mg C/l) in the biogas production screening test ISO
11734.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
-41.6 |
16.5 |
14 |
-106.6 |
4.6 |
21 |
-138.1 |
1.0 |
28 |
-157.4 |
1.0 |
35 |
-150.3 |
10.9 |
42 |
-93.7 |
29.4 |
49 |
-15.2 |
63.2 |
56 |
12.9 |
22.3 |
63 |
26.7 |
2.8 |
70 |
35.8 |
2.8 |
84 |
43.4 |
8.4 |
84 (after acidification) |
53.6 |
14.2 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A11 Look here!
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of C12-18 alcohol ethoxylate, EO10
(end-capped with n-butylether; 16.3 mg C/l) in the biogas production screening test ISO
11734.
Table A12
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of cocoamide MEA (20.0 mg C/l) in the biogas
production screening test ISO 11734.
Time
(days) |
Average
biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
-37.2 |
4.7 |
14 |
35.6 |
7.0 |
21 |
59.5 |
7.4 |
28 |
65.8 |
3.7 |
35 |
72.4 |
2.5 |
42 |
75.7 |
1.2 |
49 |
78.6 |
< 0.05 |
56 |
78.6 |
1.4 |
56 (after acidification) |
80.7 |
2.3 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A12
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of cocoamide MEA (20.0 mg C/l) in the biogas
production screening test ISO 11734.
Table A13
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of C16 alkyltrimethylammonium chloride
(14.0 mg C/l) in the biogas production screening test ISO 11734.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
-78.0 |
6.8 |
14 |
-157.7 |
1.2 |
21 |
-195.5 |
2.4 |
28 |
-216.7 |
3.2 |
35 |
-227.4 |
3.0 |
42 |
-232.4 |
< 0.05 |
49 |
-238.0 |
< 0.05 |
56 |
-238.0 |
< 0.05 |
56 (after acidification) |
-268.1 |
2.1 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A13
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of C16 alkyltrimethylammonium chloride
(14.0 mg C/l) in the biogas production screening test ISO 11734.
Table A14
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of cocomidopropyl betaine (14.4 mg C/l) in the biogas
production screening test ISO 11734.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
-6.9 |
7.5 |
14 |
19.5 |
5.2 |
21 |
36.4 |
5.4 |
28 |
45.0 |
2.9 |
35 |
63.3 |
3.4 |
42 |
69.4 |
2.9 |
49 |
71.1 |
1.7 |
56 |
73.7 |
1.4 |
56 (after acidification) |
75.4 |
0.9 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A14
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of cocoamidopropyl betaine (14.4 mg C/l) in the biogas
production screening test ISO 11734.
Table A15
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of C12 alkyliminodipropionate (16.4 mg C/l)
in the biogas production screening test ISO 11734.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
-11.1 |
5.0 |
14 |
-9.1 |
2.8 |
21 |
-12.1 |
2.3 |
28 |
-17.1 |
2.0 |
35 |
-17.6 |
3.8 |
42 |
-9.8 |
2.8 |
49 |
0.0 |
3.8 |
56 |
2.5 |
< 0.05 |
56 (after acidification) |
2.5 |
1.0 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A15
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of C12 alkyliminodipropionate (16.4 mg C/l)
in the biogas production screening test ISO 11734.
Table A16
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of methylparaben (20.0 mg C/l) in the biogas
production screening test ISO 11734.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
2.3 |
0.1 |
14 |
9.7 |
0.1 |
21 |
29.9 |
0.1 |
28 |
37.6 |
< 0.05 |
35 |
38.0 |
< 0.05 |
42 |
39.2 |
< 0.05 |
49 |
38.4 |
< 0.05 |
56 |
40.0 |
< 0.05 |
63 |
39.2 |
< 0.05 |
77 |
36.3 |
< 0.05 |
90 |
36.3 |
< 0.05 |
90 (after acidification) |
37.1 |
< 0.05 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A16
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of methylparaben (20.0 mg C/l) in the biogas
production screening test ISO 11734.
Table A17
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of ethylparaben (20.0 mg C/l) in the biogas production
screening test ISO 11734.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
0.2 |
< 0.05 |
14 |
1.4 |
< 0.05 |
21 |
-2.1 |
< 0.05 |
28 |
1.0 |
< 0.05 |
35 |
5.2 |
< 0.05 |
42 |
8.7 |
< 0.05 |
49 |
12.6 |
< 0.05 |
56 |
14.2 |
< 0.05 |
63 |
17.7 |
< 0.05 |
77 |
24.1 |
< 0.05 |
90 |
28.3 |
< 0.05 |
90 (after acidification) |
33.0 |
< 0.05 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A17
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of ethylparaben (20.0 mg C/l) in the biogas production
screening test ISO 11734.
Table A18
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of propylparaben (20.0 mg C/l) in the biogas
production screening test ISO 11734.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
-6.0 |
< 0.05 |
14 |
-1.0 |
< 0.05 |
21 |
-4.1 |
< 0.05 |
28 |
-3.9 |
< 0.05 |
35 |
0.6 |
< 0.05 |
42 |
3.9 |
< 0.05 |
49 |
7.2 |
< 0.05 |
56 |
10.5 |
< 0.05 |
63 |
11.4 |
< 0.05 |
77 |
14.2 |
< 0.05 |
90 |
18.0 |
< 0.05 |
90 (after acidification) |
17.6 |
< 0.05 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A18
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of propylparaben (20.0 mg C/l) in the biogas
production screening test ISO 11734.
Table A19
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of Nipaguard (55-80% benzyl alcohol, 15-30%
methylparaben, 5-15% propylparaben; 20.0 mg C/l) in the biogas production screening test
ISO 11734.
Time
(days) |
Average biodegradability
(%ThGP) |
SD
(%ThGP)* |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7 |
11.6 |
0.1 |
14 |
36.1 |
< 0.05 |
21 |
59.0 |
< 0.05 |
28 |
62.5 |
< 0.05 |
35 |
62.5 |
< 0.05 |
42 |
63.6 |
< 0.05 |
49 |
66.1 |
< 0.05 |
56 |
65.6 |
< 0.05 |
63 |
66.7 |
< 0.05 |
77 |
65.8 |
< 0.05 |
90 |
65.2 |
< 0.05 |
90 (after acidification) |
66.9 |
< 0.05 |
*SD, standard deviation of 5 replicates.
Figure A19
Ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of Nipaguard (55-80% benzyl alcohol, 15-30%
methylparaben, 5-15% propylparaben; 20.0 mg C/l) in the biogas production screening test
ISO 11734.
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