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Environmental and Health Assessment of Substances in Household Detergents and Cosmetic Detergent Products

Contents

Preface

Summary

1 Introduction
1.1  List of abbreviations
 
2 Consumption of detergent and cleaning products
 
3 Anionic surfactants
3.1   Alkyl sulfates
3.1.1  Occurrence in the environment
3.1.2 Environmental fate
3.1.3 Effects on the aquatic environment
3.1.4 Effects on human health
3.2 Alkyl ether sulfates
3.2.1 Occurrence in the environment
3.2.2 Environmental fate
3.2.3   Effects on the aquatic environment
3.2.4 Effects on human health
3.3 Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates
3.3.1 Occurrence in the environment
3.3.2 Environmental fate
3.3.3 Effects on the aquatic environment
3.3.4 Effects on human health
3.4   Secondary alkane sulfonates
3.4.1 Environmental fate
3.4.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
3.4.3 Effects on human health
3.5 a -Olefine sulfonates (AOS)
3.5.1 Environmental fate
3.5.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
3.5.3 Effects on human health
3.6 Sulfosuccinates
3.6.1 Environmental fate
3.6.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
3.6.3 Effects on human health
3.7 Fatty acid soaps
3.7.1 Occurrence in the environment
3.7.2 Environmental fate
3.7.3 Effects on the aquatic environment
3.7.4 Effects on human health
   
4 Nonionic surfactants
4.1 Alcohol ethoxylates and alcohol alkoxylates
4.1.1 Occurrence in the environment
4.1.2 Environmental fate
4.1.3 Effects on the aquatic environment
4.1.4 Effects on human health
4.2 Block copolymers
4.2.1 Environmental fate
4.2.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
4.3 Alkyl glycosides and glucose amides
4.3.1 Environmental fate
4.3.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
4.3.3 Effects on human health
4.4 Fatty acid amides
4.4.1 Environmental fate
4.4.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
4.4.3 Effects on human health
   
5 Cationic surfactants
5.1 Alkyltrimethylammonium salts
5.1.1 Environmental fate
5.1.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
5.1.3 Effects on human health
5.2 Dialkyldimethylammonium salts
5.2.1 Environmental fate
5.2.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
5.2.3 Effects on human health
5.3 Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salts
5.3.1 Environmental fate
5.3.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
5.3.3 Effects on human health
5.4 Alkyl ester ammonium salts
5.4.1 Environmental fate
5.4.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
5.4.3 Effects on human health
   
6 Amphoteric surfactants
6.1 Betaines
6.1.1 Environmental fate
6.1.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
6.1.3 Effects on human health
6.2 Imidazoline derivatives
6.2.1 Environmental fate
6.2.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
6.2.3 Effects on human health
   
7 Complexing agents
7.1 Phosphates
7.1.1 Environmental fate and effects
7.1.2 Effects on human health
7.2 Phosphonates
7.2.1 Occurrence in the environment
7.2.2 Environmental fate
7.2.3 Effects on the aquatic environment
7.2.4 Effects on human health
7.3 Polycarboxylates
7.3.1 Environmental fate
7.3.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
7.3.3 Effects on human health
7.4 Sodium citrate
7.4.1 Environmental fate
7.4.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
7.4.3 Effects on human health
7.5 Zeolites
7.5.1 Environmental fate
7.5.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
7.5.3 Effects on human health
7.6 EDTA and EDTA tetrasodium salt
7.6.1 Environmental fate
7.6.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
7.6.3 Effects on human health
7.7 Trisodiumnitrilotriacetate (NTA)
7.7.1 Environmental fate
7.7.2 Effects on the aquatic environment
7.7.3 Effects on human health
     
8 Preservatives
8.1 Isothiazolinones
8.1.1 Kathon
8.1.2 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one
8.2 Parabens
8.3 Nitrosubstituted compounds
8.3.1 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol)
8.3.2 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
8.4 Halogenated compounds
8.4.1 Chloroacetamide
8.4.2 5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol (Triclosan)
8.4.3 Methyldibromoglutaronitrile
8.5 Other preservatives
8.5.1 1,3,5-Triazine - 1,3,5 (2H,4H,6H)-triethanol (THT) (Grotan)
8.5.2 Formaldehyde
8.5.3 Diazolidinylurea
8.5.4 Sodium hydroxymethylglycinate
    
9 Bleaching Agents
9.1 Tetraacetyl ethylenediamine
9.1.1 Environmental fate and effects
9.1.2 Effects on human health
9.2 Perborates and percarbonates
9.2.1 Environmental fate and effects
9.2.2 Effects on human health
9.3 Sodium hypochlorite
9.3.1 Environmental fate and effects
9.3.2 Effects on human health
9.4 Dichloroisocyanurates
9.4.1 Environmental fate and effects
9.4.2 Effects on human health
   
10 Acids and bases
10.1 Acetic acid
10.2 Citric acid
10.3 Sulfamic acid
10.4 Phosphoric acid
10.5 Sulfuric acid
10.6 Potassium hydroxide
10.7 Sodium carbonate
10.8 Sodium hydrogen carbonate
10.9 Sodium hydroxide
   
11 Solvents
11.1 Ethanol
11.2 Isopropanol (propan-2-ol)
11.3 2-Butoxy ethanol (butyl glycol)
11.4 1-Decanol
11.5 Butoxy diglycol
11.6 Propylene glycol
11.7 Glycerol
11.8 2-Amino ethanol
11.9 Dipropylene glycol
    
12 Fragrances
12.1 Potential hazard to health
12.2 Polycyclic musks
12.3 Camphene
12.4 2-Pinene
12.5 D-Limonene
12.6 Camphor
12.7 Coumarin
12.8 Terpineol
12.9 a -hexylcinnamaldehyde
12.10 Eucalyptus oils
   
13 Methods for ranking of substances and ingredients
13.1 Environmental hazard assessment
13.2 Human health hazard assessment
   
14 References
 
APPENDIX
  
Part 1 BIODEGRADABILITY -
Anaerobic biodegradability tests
Ready biodegradability tests
Part 2 TOXICITY - Aquatic toxicity tests
 

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