Contents, Danish Environmental Protection Agency

Environmental Co-operation in the Baltic Region

Preface
Reader's Guide
1. Introduction
1.1	Danish environmental assistance to the Baltic region
2. Trans-Boundary Environmental Problems in the Baltic Region
2.1	The Broader Perspective
2.2	The Way to a Sustainable Development, Based on the Pollution Phenomena
2.3	The Baltic
2.4	Pollution of Sea and Water Environment
2.4.1	General Impact on the Water Environment
2.4.2	Pollution of Sea and Water Environment in the Baltic
2.5	Air Pollution
2.5.1	Air Pollution in General
2.5.2	Air Pollution in the Baltic Region
2.5.3	Transport of Air Pollution
2.5.4	Immission in the Baltic Region
2.5.5	Deposition in the Baltic Region
2.6	Nuclear Safety
2.6.1	Nuclear Sources of Pollution in General
2.6.2	Nuclear Contributions from Human Activities to the Baltic
2.6.3	Potential Nuclear Sources in the Baltic, Created by Human Beings
2.7	Biodiversity - Nature Conservation
2.7.1	Biodiversity and Nature Conservation in General
2.7.2	Biodiversity in the Baltic Region
3. International Conventions Within the Field of Environment
3.1	Regional Conventions
3.1.1	The Helsinki Convention on Protection of the Marine Environment in the Baltic Area (1974 + 1992)
3.1.2	The Gdansk Convention - the Convention of Fishery and Protection of the live Sources of Wealth in the Baltic and the Straits (1973)
3.1.3	The Agreement on small Cetaceans in the Baltic and the North Sea (1991)
3.1.4	The Nordic Convention on Environmental Protection (1975)
3.1.5	The OSPAR Convention - the Convention on Protection of the Sea Environment in the Northeast Atlantic Area (1992)
3.2	Other International ConventionsNGOs in the Baltic Area
3.2.1	The MARPOL Convention - The International Convention on Prevention of Ships Pollution (1973 1978)
3.2.2	OPRC - The Convention on oil Pollution and Awareness, Efforts and Co-operation (1990)
3.2.3	The London Convention - The Convention of 29th December 1972 on Impediment of Sea Pollution by Dumping of Waste and other Substances
3.2.4	The Maritime Law Convention - Environment and Fish Part - The United Nations' Maritime Law Convention of 10 December 1982
3.2.5	The Geneva Convention on Long-range Cross-Border Air Pollution of 13 November 1979, with Protocols
3.2.6	The Vienna Convention for Protection of the Ozone Layer - International Agree ments on Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985)
3.2.7	The Climate Convention (1992)
3.2.8	The Washington Convention - the Convention of 3 March 1973 on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
3.2.9	The Bonn Convention on protection of Migratory Species of Wild Fauna (1979)
3.2.10	The Ramsar Convention - Convention on Wetlands of International Importance as Habitats for especially Water Birds and Fish (1971)
3.2.11	The Bern Convention - Convention on Protection of the European Fauna and its Natural Habitats (1979)
3.2.12	The World heritage Convention - the Convention on Protection of the Cultural and Natural herit age of the World (1972)
3.2.13	The Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
3.2.14	The Helsinki Convention - the Convention on Protection and Use of Transboundary Water Courses and International Lakes (1992)
3.2.15	The Convention on Transboundary Effects of Industri al Accidents (1992)
3.2.16	The Espoo Convention - The ECE Convention on Cross Border Environmental Impact Assessments (1991)
3.2.17	The Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decisionmaking, and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (1998)
3.2.18	The European Council's Convention on Criminal Protection of the Environment (1988)
3.2.19	The Basel Convention on Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (1989)
3.2.20	The Convention on Preliminary Information Consent for certain Hazardous Substances (PIC) (1989 + 1998)
3.2.21	Agreement on Mutual Nordic Assistance in Connection with Radiation Accidents (1963)
3.2.22	The Nuclear Safety Convention (1994)
3.2.23	The Convention on Early Notification of Nuclear Accidents (1986)
3.2.24	The Convention on Assistance in case of Nuclear Accidents or other Radiological Crises (1986)
3.2.25	The Convention on Physical Protection of Radioactive Material (1979)
3.2.26	The Convention on Safety in Connection with used Atomic Fuel and Radioactive Waste (1997)
3.2.27	The Energy Charter Treaty and the belonging Energy Efficiency Protocol (1994)
4. Environmental Co-operation in the Baltic Area
4.1	Environmental Co-operation in the EU
4.2	The Nordic Environmental Co-operation
4.3	Political Co-operation and Initiatives in the Baltic Region
4.3.1	Baltic Agenda 21 (1998)
4.3.2	Baltic Environmental Forum (1995)
4.3.3	Baltic Sea States Sub-regional Co-operation (BSSSC) (1993)
4.3.4	Baltic Sea Tourism Commission (BTC) (1983)
4.3.5	Environmental Centres for Administration and Technology (ECAT) (1993)
4.3.6	The Baltic Sea Joint Comprehensive Environmental Action Programme (JCP) and the HELCOM Programme Implementation Task Force (PITF) (1992)
4.3.7	Union of Baltic Cities (UBC) (1991)
4.3.8	VASAB (Vision and Strategies around the Baltic Sea 2010) (1992)
4.3.9	The Sound Committee (1993)
4.3.10	The Sound Water Co-operation (1995)
4.3.11	The Council of the Baltic Sea States (1992)
4.4	The Other Parts of International Environmental Co-operation
4.4.1	The North Sea Conference (1984)
4.4.2	The Conference on Safety and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
4.4.3	Environmental Co-operation in the Council of Europe (1949)
4.4.4	Environmental Co-operation in NATO (1969)
4.4.5	Environmental Co-operation with the UN
4.4.6	The Environmental Co-operation within the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (1961)
4.4.7	The Environmental Co-operation within the IUCN
4.4.8	The World Trade Organisation, WTO (1995)
5. Non-Government Organisations (NGOs)
5.1	The Role of NGOs in Environmental Policy in General
5.2	NGOs in the Baltic Area
5.2.1	Coalition Clean Baltic
5.2.2	The World Wildlife Foundation (1961) International Baltic Programme
5.2.3	Baltic Sea Business Advisory Council (BAC) (1996)
6. Follow-Up
Sources and References
Illustrations
Literature
Conventions and Co-operation
Abbreviations