Short-rotation Willow Biomass Plantations Irrigated and Fertilised with Wastewaters

4 References

Alriksson, B., 1997. Influence of site factors on Salix growth with emphasis on nitrogen response under different soil conditions. Swedish Univ. Agricult. Sci. Silvestria 46. ISBN 91-576-5330-5. Uppsala, Sweden.

Aronsson, P., Perttu, K., 1994. Willow vegetation filters for municipal wastewaters and sludges. Proceedings from a study tour, conference and workshop in Sweden, 5-10 June 1994. Report 50, pp. 1-230. Department of Ecology and Environmental Research, Section of Short Rotation Forestry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. ISSN 0282-6267. ISBN 91-576-4916-2.

Backlund, A., 2002. Improved knowledge concerning diverting toilet technology to enable reuse of energy resources and nutrients in human urine and human faeces. Ecological Urban Renewal and Wastewater Treatment. National Danish Agency of Environmental Protection, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Backlund, A., Eilersen, A. M., Larsen, I., Hagelskjær, M., Jensen, I., 2002. Ecological handling of urine, faeces and greywater from allotment gardens by means of No-Mix Toilet Systems and Evapotranspiration Willow Beds. Ecological Urban Renewal and Wastewater Treatment. National Danish Agency of Environmental Protection, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Bertholdsson, N-O., 2001. Phytoremediation of heavy metals with Salix. J. Swedish Seed Association, 111(2): 84-90. In Swedish, English summary.

Carlander, A., Stenström, T.A., Albihn, A., Hasselgren, K., 2002. Hygienic aspects of wastewater-irrigated Salix plantations – Investigations at three full-scale facilities. Report 2002-1, VA-FORSK, Swedish Water and Wastewater Works Association, Stockholm, Sweden. In Swedish, English summary.

Ericsson, T., 1981. Effects of varied nitrogen stress on growth and nutrition in three Salix clones. Physiology of Plants, 51: 423-429.

Greger, M. and Landberg, T., 1999. Use of willow in phytoextraction. Int. J. Phytorem. 1: 115-123.

Hasselgren, K., 1992. Soil-plant treatment systems. In: Christensen, T.H., Cossu, R. and Stegmann, R. (Eds.), Landfilling of waste – Leachate, Chapt. 3.12, pp. 361-380 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd. ISBN 1-85166-733-4.

Hasselgren, K., 1998. Use of municipal waste products in energy forestry – Highlights from 15 years of experience. Biomass and Bioenergy, 15(1): 71-74.

Hasselgren, K., 1999a. Irrigation of short-rotation energy forestry with secondary wastewater effluent. Report 1999-5, VA-FORSK, Swedish Water and Wastewater Association. In Swedish, English summary.

Hasselgren, K., 1999b. Utilization of sewage sludge in short-rotation energy forestry - A pilot study. Waste Management & Research, 17: 251-262.

Holtze, A. and Backlund, A., 2002a. Collection, storage and application of urine from the Møn Museumsgård. Ecological Urban Renewal and Wastewater Treatment. National Danish Agency of Environmental Protection, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Holtze, A. and Backlund, A., 2002b. Composting and maturing of human residual products contained in drained "black" wastewater. Ecological Urban Renewal and Wastewater Treatment. National Danish Agency of Environmental Protection, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Holtze, A. and Backlund, A., 2002c. Vacuum toilets and treatment of the collected material at biogas works or by wet composting. Ecological Urban Renewal and Wastewater Treatment. National Danish Agency of Environmental Protection, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Jonsson, H., 1997. Framework program on energy forestry 1992–1995. Report 1997:3, National Swedish Board for Industrial and Technical Development (NUTEK), Stockholm, Sweden. ISSN 1102-2574. In Swedish.

Larsson, S., 1998. Production – Salix. In: Bioenergy from agriculture – Salix, straw fuels and biogas, SLF Report No. 31, pp.17-23. Swedish Farmers Association Research Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden. In Swedish.

Larsson, S., 2002. Personal communication. Agrobränsle AB, Örebro, Sweden.

Lindroth, A., Båth, A., 1999. Regional assessments of willow coppice yield on basis of water availability. Forest Ecology and Management 121: 57-65.

Lindroth, A., Halldin, S., 1988. Water consumption and irrigation requirement in short-rotation energy forestry in south Sweden. Vatten 44(1): 44-53. In Swedish, English summary.

Melin, G., 2001. Personal communication. Agrobränsle AB, Örebro, Sweden.

Penman, H.L., 1956. Vegetation and hydrology. Technical Communication No. 53.

Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Harpenden, UK.

Persson, G., Lindroth, A. 1994. Simulating evaporation from short-rotation forest: variations within and between seasons. J Hydrology 156: 21-45.

Pettygrove, G.S., Asano T., 1984. Irrigation with reclaimed municipal wastewater

- A guidance manual. Report No. 84-1 wr, California State Resources Control Board, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Pratt, P.F., Lund, L.J., Rible, J.M., 1978. An approach to measuring leaching of nitrate from freely drained irrigated soils. In: Nielsen, D.R., Mac Donald, J.G. (Eds.), Nitrogen in the Environment, Vol. 1, Nitrogen behavior in field soil, pp. 223-256, Academic Press, USA.

Reed, S.C., Crites, R.W., 1984. Handbook of land treatment systems for industrial and municipal wastes. Noyes Publications, New Jersey, USA. ISBN-0-8155-0991-X.

Rosenqvist, H., 1997. Willow cultivation – Economic calculation methods and profitability. Swedish Univ. Agricult. Sci. Silvestria 24. Uppsala, Sweden. In Swedish, English summary.

Rosenqvist, H., Aronsson, P., Hasselgren, K., Perttu, K., 1997. Economics of using municipal wastewater irrigation of willow coppice crops. Biomass and Bioenergy 12(1): 1-8.

Salameh Al-Jamal, M., Sammis, T.W., Jones, T., 1997. Nitrogen end chloride concentration in deep soil cores related to fertilisation. Ag. Water Management 34: 1-16.

Sopper, W.E., Kardos, L.T., 1973. Recycling treated wastewater and sludge through forest and cropland. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA, USA.
ISBN 0-271-01159-9.

USEPA, 1981. Process design manual: Land treatment of municipal wastewater. EPA 625/1-81-013. US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA..

Wittgren, H.B., Hasselgren, K., 1992. Natural systems for wastewater treatment and resource management in temperate climate. Report 1992-15, VA-FORSK, Swedish Water and Wastewater Association. ISSN 1102-5638, ISBN 91-88392-28-7. In Swedish, English summary.