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Mapping, emissions and environmental and health assessment of chemical substances in artificial turf

Contents

Preface

Summary and conclusions

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Artificial turf pitches are popular

2 Artificial turf pitches – Materials and chemical substances

• 2.1 Possible constituents
  • 2.1.1 Chemical substances in the artificial turf mats
  • 2.1.2 Chemical substances in the elastic infill

3 Foreign studies

• • 3.1.1 Norwegian studies
  • 3.1.2 Swedish status report
  • 3.1.3 Dutch studies
  • 3.1.4 Swiss study
  • 3.1.5 French study
• 3.2 Overall conclusion of the foreign studies and strategy for this study

4 Mapping

• 4.1 Method
• 4.2 Interview
  • 4.2.1 Artificial turf pitches in Denmark
  • 4.2.2 Monitoring parameters
  • 4.2.3 Various standards
  • 4.2.4 Description of health exposure scenarios
  • 4.2.5 Suggestions for exposure scenarios for migration to soil/water

5 Procurement of sample material

6 Analyses

• 6.1 Analysis methods and analysis programme
  • 6.1.1 Chemical screening analyses
  • 6.1.2 Leaching tests
• 6.2 Results of screening analyses
  • 6.2.1 Results of quantitative analysis for zinc in products
  • 6.2.2 Results of X-ray screening for elements in selected turf mats
  • 6.2.3 Headspace analysis
  • 6.2.4 Results of analysis for content of organic substances by extraction in dichloromethane
• 6.3 Results of leaching tests
  • 6.3.1 Microscopy
• 6.4 Discussion of results
• 6.5 Selection of substances for health and environmental assessment

7 Health assessment

• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Method
  • 7.2.1 Routes of exposure
  • 7.2.2 Exposure scenarios
• 7.3 Selected substances
  • 7.3.1 Benzothiazole
  • 7.3.2 Cyclohexanamine
  • 7.3.3 Dicyclohexylamine
  • 7.3.4 Dibutyl phthalate
  • 7.3.5 Conclusion

8 Environmental assessment

• 8.1 Zinc and its salts
  • 8.1.1 Ecotoxicological data
  • 8.1.2 Estimate of no-effect concentration
• 8.2 6PPD
  • 8.2.1 Ecotoxicological data
  • 8.2.2 Estimate of no-effect concentration
• 8.3 Dicyclohexylamine
  • 8.3.1 Ecotoxicological data
  • 8.3.2 Estimate of no-effect concentration
• 8.4 Diisobutyl phthalate
  • 8.4.1 Ecotoxicological data
  • 8.4.2 Estimate of no-effect concentration
• 8.5 Nonylphenol
  • 8.5.1 Ecotoxicological data
  • 8.5.2 Estimate of no-effect concentration
• 8.6 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol
  • 8.6.1 Ecotoxicological data
  • 8.6.2 Estimate of no-effect concentration
• 8.7 Diethyl phthalate
  • 8.7.1 Ecotoxicological data
  • 8.7.2 Estimate of no-effect concentration
• 8.8 Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate
  • 8.8.1 Ecotoxicological data
  • 8.8.2 Estimate of no-effect concentration
• 8.9 Estimate of effect of discharged substances
  • 8.9.1 Discharged substances in drainage water
  • 8.9.2 Discharge of drainage water to watercourses
  • 8.9.3 Risks for drinking water
  • 8.9.4 Significance of drainage of water to sewer
  • 8.9.5 Conclusion

9 Abbreviations used in the environmental and health assessments

10 Abbreviations used in the material descriptions and for chemical substances/substance groups

11 References

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Version 1.0 October 2008, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency