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Survey, migration and health evaluation of chemical substances in toys and childcare products produced from foam plastic
2 Analyses
2.1 Objective
The objective of phase 2 is to determine the content of hazardous substances in selected products, as it is not easily obtained from importers or producers.
From the survey results of phase 1, The Danish Environmental Protection Agency and DTC selected a number of products to be analysed for certain chemical substances (Table 2.1). The products were selected to cover the most sold products on the marked and ages below and above 3 years.
The three new toy standards EN71-9: 2005, Final draft PrEN71-10: 2004 and Final draft prEN71-11: 2005 contain recommended testing of 26 product types, which however of the 8 selected products only include the mask: “Toys worn over the mouth or nose”.
The selection of the chemical substances was based on knowledge of additives in polymers and knowledge of substances hazardous to humans. Phase 2 was an iterative process that was initiated with qualitative and quantitative analyses of 8 products for bromated flame-retardants, TCEP, phthalates and metals. Based on the test for metals where two products were found to contain tin, these two products were furthermore tested for content of organic tin compounds. Two products representing a product with printed colours and a product with dyed colours were chosen for analysis for content of colorants. 4 Products were selected for a screening of volatile organic compounds, partly based on a RAPEX notification (Rapid Alert System for Non-Food Products) on an EVA product, witch contained organic solvents - and for one of the products also because of a chemical scent from the product. Table 2.2. shows a the performed tests. Analytica AB performed the analyses.
Table 2.1 Selected products
| Product No. |
Product |
| 1 |
Sword |
| 2 |
Floor puzzle 1 |
| 3 |
Swim board |
| 4 |
Activity carpet |
| 5 |
Mask |
| 6 |
Book |
| 7 |
Floor puzzle 2 |
| 8 |
Ball |
2.2 Analysis Programme
Each section contains a description of the used analysis method, including detection limits and analysis uncertainties. All analyses are based on double determinations.
Table 2.2 Performed tests
Pro-
duct
no. |
Product |
Phtha-
lates |
Bro-
ma-
ted
flame
retar-
dants
+
TCEP |
Me-
tals |
Orga-
nic
tin
com-
pounds |
Azo
color-
ants |
Selec-
ted
color-
ants,
(speci-
fied
in
table
2.8) |
Scree-
ning
for
vola-
tile
orga-
nic
com-
pounds
< C14
- C16 |
| 1 |
Sword |
B |
A |
A |
|
A |
E |
F |
| 2 |
Floor puzzle 1 |
A |
A |
A |
|
A |
E |
F |
| 3 |
Swim board |
A |
A |
A |
|
|
|
|
| 4 |
Activity Carpet |
C |
A |
A |
D |
|
|
|
| 5 |
Mask |
A |
A |
A |
|
|
|
F |
| 6 |
Book |
A |
A |
A |
B |
|
|
|
| 7 |
Floor puzzle 2 |
C |
A |
A |
|
|
|
|
| 8 |
Ball |
A |
A |
A |
|
|
|
F |
A Not measured in concentrations of concern
B Concentrations requiring safety assessment
C Concentrations exceeding the permitted limit
D Not assessed. The products were withdrawn from the Danish market because of the total content of phthalates)
E Assessment not possible. The detection limit is higher than the limit value due to the complexicity of the polymer materials
F The analyses was a screening without quantification or qualification of the substances. The GC-MS-spectrum of the ball contained a signal equal to C10-C14 hydrocarbons. |
2.3 Analysis methods
A weighed sample (approx. 30 – 50 g) was taken from the foam matrices of all products and fractionized into particles with surfaces of maximally 6 mm. The colours of the products with different colours were equally distributed to make the sample representative for the complete product. From product no. 1 sample material was taken from the handle, as the handle is the most used contact surface of the product. The products containing several different materials (e.g. textile, elastic and foam), only partial samples of the foam material were taken (product no. 4, 5 and 6).
2.3.1 Flame retardants
The method for testing the content of bromated flame-retardants and TCEP is Soxhlet extraction of 1 – 2 g material with toluene (4-5 hours). By Soxhlet extraction the test sample is heated and the chemical substances is trapped in a closed system. GC-MS-measurements were made. The uncertainty of the analysis for pentabromodiphenyle ether (PeBDE) and octabromodiphenyl ether (OBDE) is < 15% and for the remaining decabromodiphenyl ether (DeBDE) tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecan (HBCD) og tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) < 25%. The internal standards used for PeBDE, OBDE, DeBDE, HBCD, and TCEP were: DBOFB (Dibromooctafluoro biphenyl) for "retrieve control" and PCB209 for “injectioncontrol”. For TBBPA the internal standard was: Tribromophenol. For external standards, the compounds tested for was used.
2.3.2 Phthalates
A Soxhlet-extraction (6 hours) with hexane is used for testing the content of phthalates. By Soxhlet extraction the test sample is heated and the chemical substances are trapped in a closed system. GC-MS measurements were performed. The analysis uncertainty of the determinations is 20-30%. The detection limits of the phthalate analyses stated below are for standard analyses in solid (not foamed) matrices with a fixed test quantity (10-20 g). The standardised amount of test material cannot be used for testing in foam matrices, because the large volume and surface would interfere with the analysis. 1-2 g test material is used for the analyses, and the detection limit is thus 10 times lower than the reported minimum values. Internal standards were hexaclorobenzene and deuteriummarked-DEHP. For external standards, the compounds tested for was used.
2.3.3 Metals
The method for testing migration of metals is governed by The Toy Standard EN 71-3:1994. Besides the 8 metals in the Toy Standard, testing for tin and nickel is also performed. The sample is fractionized into particles with a surface of maximum 6 mm. The particles are placed in a 37oC hydrochloric acid solution (0.07 mol/l) – equal to 50 times the sample weight, shaked for 1 hour and filtrated and centrifuged before analysis. The analysis uncertainty of the metals given in table 2.6 is for the individual metal and not for the method in particular. The analyses methods for tin and nickel are not accredited and consequently their uncertainties are not stated.
2.3.4 Organic tin compounds
The method used for testing the content of organic tin compounds is an extraction (2-3 hours) of 1-2 g material with a sodium diethyldithiocarbamate solution in ethanol, alkylated with sodium tetraethyborate and transferred to organic phase by extraction with hexane. The uncertainty of the analysis is 10-20%.
2.3.5 Colorants
The method used for testing the content of aromatic amines was extraction of 2-5 g material at 70o C in a buffer solution with pH=6 followed by reduction for 30 min. and dredging by liquid/liquid extraction. GC-MS-measurements were performed.
The method used for testing of content of the carcinogenic, allergenic and supplementary 4 colorants was extraction at 70 °C in methanol in 30 minutes and clean -p by filtration. LC-MS-measurements were performed. The reported results are the extractable parts of the colorants. The uncertainty of the analyses were < 20%.
2.3.6 Screening for volatile organic solvents
The method for screening for volatile organic compounds (VOC) was a fractionization into particles of approx. 0.5 – 4g material were To screen for organic volatile substances the samples were fractioned, whereupon 0,6 µg internal standard per sample was added (deuterated toluene, deuterated C2-aromates, deuterated decane, deuterated C3 aromates). The screening for VOC was in a mass area of 30 -.700 amu. The GC-MS headspace measurement method (at 80°C) was used. The screening approximately last for 30 minutes and the detection limit is estimated to be approximately 0.5 ug/sample. As the analysis was a screening for VOC without quantification or qualification of the substances, the uncertainty of the analysis is not indicated. If there had been more time in the project, analysis could have been made, that identified and quantified chemical substances present in the products.
2.4 Analyses results
2.4.1 Flame retardants
The content of flame-retardants above the detection limit has not been measured. EU has assigned a limit value of 0.1% for content of PeBDE and OBDE. Marketing of products containing one of these two substances above this limit value is not legal in the EU. The detection limit of all tested flame-retardants is below this limit value, and DTC evaluates that the results do not imply further testing.
Table 2.3 Content of flame-retardants (mg/kg). The values are averages of duplicate determinations. The uncertainty of the analysis for pentabromodiphenyle ether (PeBDE) and octabromodiphenyl ether (OBDE) is < 15% and for the remaining decabromodiphenyl ether (DeBDE) tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecan (HBCD) og tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) < 25%.
| Flame-retardant |
CAS-No. |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 4 |
DL* |
| PeBDE |
32534-81-9 |
< 10 |
< 10 |
< 10 |
< 10 |
10 |
| OBDE |
32536-52-0 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
50 |
| DeBDE |
1163-19-5 |
< 100 |
< 100 |
< 100 |
< 100 |
100 |
| TBBPA |
79-94-7 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
50 |
| HBCD |
25637-99-4 |
< 200 |
< 200 |
< 200 |
< 200 |
200 |
| TCEP |
115-96-8 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
50 |
| Flame-retardant |
CAS-No. |
No. 5 |
No. 6 |
No. 7 |
No. 8 |
DG* |
| PeBDE |
32534-81-9 |
< 10 |
< 10 |
< 10 |
< 10 |
10 |
| OBDE |
32536-52-0 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
50 |
| DeBDE |
1163-19-5 |
< 100 |
< 100 |
< 100 |
< 100 |
100 |
| TBBPA |
79-94-7 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
50 |
| HBCD |
25637-99-4 |
< 200 |
< 200 |
< 200 |
< 200 |
200 |
| TCEP |
115-96-8 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
< 50 |
50 |
DL*: Detection limit
2.4.2 Phthalates
Phatalates have been found in all products. The products 4 and 7 both exceed the permitted limit (0.05%) for phthalates in toys intended for children between 0-3 years (3). On the packaging of product no. 7 is indicated that the product is intended for children of more than 3 year. However, as The Danish Safety Technology Authority has decided that the product because of appearance and shape also appeals to children of less than three years. The Danish EPA has decided that the limit value for phthalates in toys for children between 0-3 years should be observed.
Product 4 contains totally 1867.8 mg/kg (corresponding to 0.19%), diisobutylphthalate (DIBP) (1800 mg/kg) being the absolutely largest quantity. Product 7 contains totally 1451.8 mg/kg (corresponding to 0.15%) with di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) (780 mg/kg) as the greatest quantity. The two products (4 and 7) were therefore withdrawn from the Danish market.
All 8 products also contain di-2-(ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP).
Table 2.4 Content of phthalates (mg/kg) in all 8 products. The results are averages of duplicate determinations. The analysis uncertainty of the determinations is 20-30%.
| Product |
CAS-No. |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 4 |
DL* |
| Dimethylphthalate (DMP) |
131-11-3 |
4.85 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
0.84 |
0.05 |
| Diethylphthalate (DEP) |
84-66-2 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
1.5 |
0.05 |
| Di-n-propylphthalate (DPP) |
131-16-8 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
0.05 |
| Diisobutylphthalate (DIBP) |
84-69-5 |
2.85 |
3.1 |
5.75 |
1800 |
0.05 |
| Di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) |
84-74-2 |
1.8 |
7.95 |
2.0 |
23 |
0.05 |
| Di-n-pentylphthalate (DNPP) |
131-18-0 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
0.05 |
| Butylbenzylphthalate (BBP) |
85-68-7 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
0.05 |
| Di-2-(ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) |
117-81-7 |
76 |
45 |
0.89 |
42.5 |
0.05 |
| Dicyclohexylphthalate (DCP) |
84-61-7 |
< 0.05 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
0.05 |
| Di-n-octyl-phthalate (DNOP) |
117-84-0 |
4.9 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
0.05 |
| Total |
|
90.4 |
56.1 |
8.64 |
1867.8 |
|
| |
| Product |
CAS-No. |
No. 5 |
No. 6 |
No. 7 |
Nor. 8 |
DL* |
| DMP |
131-11-5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 4 |
0.05 |
| DEP |
84-66-2 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 3 |
0.05 |
| DPP |
131-16-8 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 3 |
0.05 |
| DiBP |
84-69-5 |
6.5 |
3.4 |
315 |
< 4 |
0.05 |
| DBP |
84-74-2 |
2.6 |
11.9 |
780 |
< 2.5 |
0.05 |
| DNPP |
131-18-0 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 2.5 |
0.05 |
| BBP |
85-68-7 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 2.5 |
0.05 |
| DEHP |
117-81-7 |
1.9 |
9.4 |
355 |
17.7 |
0.05 |
| DCP |
84-61-7 |
< 0.05 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
0.05 |
| DNOP |
117-84-0 |
4.9 |
< 0.5 |
1.8 |
< 0.5 |
0.05 |
| Total |
|
15.9 |
24.7 |
1451.8 |
17.7 |
|
* DL: Detection Limit
In the process of evaluating the above results, DTC realized that tests were not performed for diisodecylphthalate (DIDP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP), and testing for these phthalates was performed. Product 4 and 7 were not tested, because they had been withdrawn from the Danish market.
Table 2.5 Content of phthalates (mg/kg) in the selected products. The results are averages of duplicate determinations. The analysis uncertainty of the determinations is 20-30%.
| Phthalates |
Cas no. |
1 |
2 |
3 |
5 |
6 |
8 |
DL* |
| DIDP |
26761-40-0 |
25.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 5.0 |
0.5 |
| DINP |
28553-12-0 |
935 |
18.5 |
< 0.5 |
< 5.0 |
5.1 |
9.5* |
0.5 |
| * Average of a value indicated as < 5.0 estimated at 5.0 and a value of 14 |
* DL: Detection limit
Based on the above analyses, DIBP, DBP and DINP were selected for toxicological assessment in Phase 3.
2.4.3 Metals
There is no migration of metals in concentrations above the migration limits as stipulated in DS/IN 71-3. There is a migration of tin compounds from product 4 and 6 45 mg/ and 21 mg/kg), which is calculated as the average of two determinations. As the products are produced from polyurethane (PUR), the tin present may be from organic tin compounds, which are used catalyst in the production of PUR.
Table 2.6 Migration of metals in mg/kg. The values are averages of duplicate determinations.
| Sample |
Nr. 1 |
Nr. 2 |
Nr. 3 |
Nr. 4 |
Nr. 5 |
Nr. 6 |
Nr. 7 |
Nr. 8 |
DL* |
AU (%)** |
| As |
<2.5 |
<2.5 |
<2.5 |
<2.5 |
<2.5 |
<2.5 |
<2.5 |
<2.5 |
<2.5 |
44 |
| Ba |
34.6 |
9.54 |
<1 |
1.48 |
<1 |
<1 |
2.57 |
<1 |
<1 |
19 |
| Cd |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
14 |
| Cr |
<3 |
<3 |
<3 |
<3 |
<3 |
<3 |
<3 |
<3 |
<3 |
17 |
| Hg |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
26 |
| Pb |
0.882 |
1.24 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
1.46 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
17 |
| Sb |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
15 |
| Se |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0,5 |
14 |
| Ni |
<1 |
<1 |
<1 |
<1 |
<1 |
<1 |
<1 |
<1 |
<1 |
- |
| Sn |
<1 |
<1 |
<1 |
45.1 |
<1 |
20.9 |
2.3 |
<1 |
<1 |
- |
DL: Detection limit
AU: Analysis Uncertainty
2.4.4 Summary of initial qualitative and quantitative analyses
The conclusion of the above results:
- Product no.3, 5 and 8 do not require further testing at present
- Product 4 and 6 may contain organic tin compounds
- The content of phthalates in product no. 4 and 7 is higher than the permitted value for toys intended for children of 0-3 years (0.05%) (3).
It was decided to analyse product 4 and 6 to clarify, if they contained organic tin compounds, and in the affirmative which.
2.4.5 Organic tin compounds
Monobutyltin (MBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) were measured above the detection limit in product no. 4 and 6.
Table 2.7 Content of organic tin compounds (µg/kg) in the selected samples. The values are averages of duplicate determinations. The analysis uncertainty of the determinations is 10-20%.
| Organotin compounds |
Cas No. |
No. 4 |
No. 6 |
DL* |
| Monobutyl tin |
78763-54-9 |
1.95 |
1.95 |
0.3 |
| Dibutyl tin |
1002-53-5 |
<0.3 |
1.15 |
0.3 |
| Tributyltin |
56573-85-4 |
<0.3 |
<0.3 |
0.3 |
| Tetrabutyltin |
1461-25-2 |
<0.3 |
<0.3 |
0.3 |
| Monooctyltin |
- |
<0.4 |
<0.4 |
0.4 |
| Dioctyltin |
- |
<0.4 |
<0.4 |
0.4 |
| Tricyclohexyltin |
- |
<0.3 |
<0.3 |
0.3 |
| Monophenyltin |
- |
<0.3 |
<0.3 |
0.3 |
| Diphenyltin |
- |
<0.3 |
<0.3 |
0.3 |
| Triphenyltin |
668-34-8 |
<0.3 |
<0.3 |
0,3 |
DL: Detection limit
Based on the data shown in table 2.7, MBT and DBT have been selected for assessment in phase 3.
2.4.6 Isocyanates
Products produced from polyurethan (PUR) foam may contain isocyanates, if they are packed prematurely in tight plastic. Testing for isocyanates was not performed, because the two products produced from PUR foam were not packed in air free packaging and their hardening process thus considered completed.
2.4.7 Colorants
Two products to be tested for colorants were selected. The products
were selected from the remaining 6 products (1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8) were sword and floor puzzle (1 and 2), as they represent a product with printed colours and a product with many dyed colours. Testing was performed for azo colorants, colorants that are known as allergens or carcinogens, and 4 supplementary colorants from EN71-9. The specific colorants are listed in table 2.8.
Table 2.8 Tested colorants and detection limits. The analysis uncertainty of the determinations is < 20 %.
Azo colorants measured as aromatic amines
(Split up from azo colorants) |
Detection limit (mg/kg) |
| o-Anisidine |
5 |
| 4-Aminobiphenyl |
5 |
| Benzidine |
5 |
| 2-Naphthylamine |
5 |
| p-Chloraniline |
5 |
| 4-Methoxy-m-phenylendiamine (2,4-Diaminoanisol) |
5 |
| 4,4´-Diaminodiphenylmethane |
5 |
| 3,3´-Dichlorbenzidine |
5 |
| 3,3´-Dimethoxybenzidine |
5 |
| 3,3´-Dimethylbenzidine |
5 |
| 3,3´-Dimethyl-4,4´-diaminodiphenylmethane |
5 |
| 4,4´-Methylen-bis-(2-chloraniline) |
5 |
| 2-Amino-4-nitrotoluene |
5 |
| 4,4´-Oxydianiline |
5 |
| 4,4´-Thiodianiline |
5 |
| 4-Methyl-1,3-phenylendiamine (2,4-Toluylendiamine) |
5 |
| 2,4,5-Trimethylaniline |
5 |
| 2-Methoxy-5-methylaniline (p-Kresidine) |
5 |
| o-Toluidine (2-Aminotoluene) |
5 |
| Carcinogenic colourants |
|
| Acid Red 26 |
75 |
| Basic Red 9 |
75 |
| Basic Violet 14 |
75 |
| Direct Black 38 |
75 |
| Direct Blue 6 |
75 |
| Direct Red 28 |
75 |
| Disperse Blue 1 |
75 |
| Disperse Orange 11 |
75 |
| Disperse Yellow 3 |
75 |
| Dispers-dyes, allergenic |
75 |
| Allergenic colourants |
|
| Disperse Blue 1 |
75 |
| Disperse Blue 3 |
75 |
| Disperse Blue 35 |
75 |
| Disperse Blue 106 |
75 |
| Disperse Blue 124 |
75 |
| Disperse Yellow 3 |
75 |
| Disperse Orange 3 |
75 |
| Disperse Orange 37/76 |
75 |
| Disperse Red 1 |
75 |
| Supplementary colourants from EN71-9 |
|
| Solvent Yellow 1 |
75 |
| Solvent Yellow 2 |
75 |
| Solvent Yellow 3 |
75 |
| Basic Violet 1 |
75 |
No colorants above the detection limit have been measured in the two products.
According to the Toy Standard “Organic chemical compounds – requirements”, EN71-9, the limit value of aromatic amines is the detection limit (5 mg/kg. As described in Section 2.1, this standard does not cover products such as the sword and the puzzle. However, judged from the limit value assigned for other product types, the content of azo colorants should not cause any concern. The detection limit of the carcinogenic, allergenic and supplementary 4 colorants are however markedly higher than the limit proposed in Final draft prEN71-11 of 10 mg/kg. As is the case for the phthalate analysis described in paragraph 2.3.2, this is caused by the smaller amount of sample material compared with the standard analyses in solid (not foam) matrices, because a larger amount of sample would interfere with the analyses in the test. Therefore, it is not possible to evaluate if the amount of colorants exceeds the limit values proposed in EN71-11. This assessment would require a test method to analyse the colorants with a lower detection limit in complex polymer matrices.
2.4.8 Screening for organic solvents
The last test was a screening for volatile organic solvents. The method detects the presence of volatile solvents (< C14 – C16), but a qualification and quantification of the compounds were not carried out. 4 products were selected for the screening: Sword, floor puzzle 1, mask and ball (product no. 1, 2, 5 and 8). The products were selected on the basis of a RAPEX information (Rapid Alert System for Non-Feed Products) concerning an EVA product containing organic solvents – and for the ball also based on a chemical smell from the product. The puzzle and the ball were wrapped when purchased, and to perform a test with an optimal simulation of the exposure to a child, when opening a new product, it was decided to repurchase these two products. However, the ball was out of stock and only the puzzle was repurchased. Testing of the ball, the mask and the sword was performed in previously purchased products.
Table 2.9 Screening for volatile organic solvents in the selected samples (C14 – C16).
| Product |
| 1 |
2 |
5 |
8 |
| * |
** |
* |
*** |
* No signals of relevance were detected or identified
** Few signals were detected and identified as hydrocarbons.
*** 2 individual signals as C2 aromatic and a pattern of hydrocarbons from C10 -C14 were identified |
Only in product no. 2 and 8, signals for VOC were detected (C14 - C 16). Only in product 8, the signals were significant, and the analysis laboratory has identified the substances to be hydrocarbons with a carbonic chain length of C10 to C14. Due to shortage in time, these signals were not further qualified or quantified. If there had been more time in the project, analysis could have been made, that identified the chemical substances and the concentration.
2.5 Summary of analysis results
Pro-
duct
no. |
Product |
Phtha-
lates |
Bro-
ma-
ted
flame
retar-
dants
+
TCEP |
Me-
tals |
Orga-
nic
tin
com-
pounds |
Azo
color-
ants |
Selec-
ted
color-
ants,
(speci-
fied
in
table
2.8) |
Scree-
ning
for
vola-
tile
orga-
nic
com-
pounds
< C14
- C16 |
| 1 |
Sword |
B |
A |
A |
|
A |
E |
F |
| 2 |
Floor puzzle 1 |
A |
A |
A |
|
A |
E |
F |
| 3 |
Swim board |
A |
A |
A |
|
|
|
|
| 4 |
Activity Carpet |
C |
A |
A |
D |
|
|
|
| 5 |
Mask |
A |
A |
A |
|
|
|
F |
| 6 |
Book |
A |
A |
A |
B |
|
|
|
| 7 |
Floor puzzle 2 |
C |
A |
A |
|
|
|
|
| 8 |
Ball |
A |
A |
A |
|
|
|
F |
A Not measured in concentrations of concern
B Concentrations requiring safety assessment
C Concentrations exceeding the permitted limit
D Not assessed. The products were withdrawn from the Danish market because of the total content of phthalates)
E Assessment not possible. The detection limit is higher than the limit value due to the complexicity of the polymer materials
F The analyses was a screening without quantification or qualification of the substances. The GC-MS-spectrum of the ball contained a signal equal to C10-C14 hydrocarbons. |
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Version 1.0 March 2006, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency
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