Establishment of a basis for administrative use of PestSurf
Annex 9
9 Comparison of risk assessment data produced by spray drift assessments, FOCUS SW and PestSurf
9.1 Chemical characteristics of the compound
| Compound: | Prosulfocarb |
| Dose: | 2400 g ai/ha |
| Spraying time: | 25. September |
| Crop: | Winter wheat |
Table 9.1. Overview of chemical properties of prosulfocarb and the parameters used in the simulations.
Tabel 9.1. Oversigt over prosulfocarb s kemiske egenskaber og parametrene brugt i simuleringerne.
| Chemical property | Condition | Recalculated values | |||
| Cas-no. | 52888-80-9 | ||||
| Molecular weight | 251.4 | ||||
| Form (acid, basic, neutral) | neutral | ||||
| pKa | |||||
| Water solubility | 13.0 µg/l | at 20.0 ± 0.5°C | |||
| log Kow | at pH | KowA- | |||
| log Kow | 4.48 | at pH | KowAH | 4.48 | |
| log Kow | at pH | KowAH+ | |||
| Vapor pressure, Pa | 7.9 × 10-4 | 20°C | 270°C (Decomposition) | vapor pressure, Pa, 20°C | |
| Henry’s law constant | 1.52 × 10-2 Pa m³ mol-1 | Recalculated value, dimensionless | 6.24 × 10-6 | ||
| Sorption properties in soil | |||||
| Freundlich exp | 0.96 | ||||
| Koc, l/kg | 1637 | ||||
| DT50 in soil, days | 13.8 | ||||
| DT50water | 1.5day | PestSurf input | |||
| DT50sedment | None mentioned | ||||
| DT50water/sediment | 381 days | method not described | DT50, days | 1.5 | |
| Sediment konc., µg/l | 0 | ||||
| Hydrolysis | no hydrolysis | at pH 5 | (acid) | ||
| at pH 7 | (neutral) | ||||
| at pH 9 | (basic) | ||||
| Photolysis | |||||
| quantum yield | Set to 0 due to too little information | ||||
| Spectrum | |||||
| Other | Half-life of 25.5 days with a rate constant of 2.72 x 10-2 day-1 | ||||
9.2 Concentration generated by spray
| Direct spray | FOCUS buffer zones | |||
| Ditch | Stream | Pond | ||
| µg l-1 | µg l-1 | µg l-1 | µg l-1 | |
| Prosulfocarb | 800.0 | 22.074 | 14.850 | 6.485 |
9.3 Concentrations generated by FOCUS SW
9.3.1 D3- Ditch
| Prosulfocarb | Ditch, D3 | |||||||
| Water | Sediment | |||||||
| Date | PEC | Date | TWAEC | Date | PEC | Date | TWAEC | |
| µg l-1 | µg l-1 | µg kg-1 | µg kg-1 | |||||
| Global max | 26-sep-92 | 15.231 | 28-sep-92 | 8.232 | ||||
| 1 d | 27-sep-92 | 7.395 | 27-sep-92 | 11.057 | 29-sep-92 | 7.319 | 28-sep-92 | 8.096 |
| 2 d | 28-sep-92 | 1.775 | 28-sep-92 | 7.692 | 30-sep-92 | 6.094 | 29-sep-92 | 7.751 |
| 4 d | 30-sep-92 | 0.157 | 30-sep-92 | 4.144 | 02-okt-92 | 4.553 | 30-sep-92 | 6.888 |
| 7 d | 03-okt-92 | 0.054 | 03-okt-92 | 2.407 | 05-okt-92 | 3.463 | 03-okt-92 | 5.833 |
9.3.2 D4 – Stream
| Prosulfocarb | Stream, D4 | |||||||
| Water | Sediment | |||||||
| Date | PEC | Date | TWAEC | Date | PEC | Date | TWAEC | |
| µg l-1 | µg l-1 | µg kg-1 | µg kg-1 | |||||
| Global max | 28-sep-85 | 13.139 | 28-sep-85 | 2.486 | ||||
| 1 d | 29-sep-85 | 0.016 | 29-sep-85 | 3.673 | 29-sep-85 | 1.914 | 29-sep-85 | 2.29 |
| 2 d | 30-sep-85 | 0.009 | 30-sep-85 | 1.843 | 30-sep-85 | 1.515 | 30-sep-85 | 2.05 |
| 4 d | 02-okt-85 | 0.004 | 02-okt-85 | 0.924 | 02-okt-85 | 1.082 | 02-okt-85 | 1.697 |
| 7 d | 05-okt-85 | 0.002 | 05-okt-85 | 0.529 | 05-okt-85 | 0.795 | 05-okt-85 | 1.379 |
9.3.3 D4 - Pond
| Prosulfocarb | Pond, D4 | |||||||
| Water | Sediment | |||||||
| Date | PEC | Date | TWAEC | Date | PEC | Date | TWAEC | |
| µg l-1 | µg l-1 | µg kg-1 | µg kg-1 | |||||
| Global max | 28-sep-85 | 0.524 | 03-okt-85 | 0.568 | ||||
| 1 d | 29-sep-85 | 0.392 | 29-sep-85 | 0.453 | 04-okt-85 | 0.563 | 03-okt-85 | 0.568 |
| 2 d | 30-sep-85 | 0.295 | 30-sep-85 | 0.396 | 05-okt-85 | 0.549 | 04-okt-85 | 0.566 |
| 4 d | 02-okt-85 | 0.182 | 02-okt-85 | 0.314 | 07-okt-85 | 0.511 | 05-okt-85 | 0.559 |
| 7 d | 05-okt-85 | 0.096 | 05-okt-85 | 0.238 | 10-okt-85 | 0.449 | 07-okt-85 | 0.543 |
9.3.4 Conclusion – FOCUS SW
The highest concentration is generated in the ditch (D3). It is caused by wind drift and the concentration becomes 15.2 µg/l. The same scenario shows the highest concentration in the sediment, 8.23 µg/l. For all scenarios, the concentrations are lower than what is generated by the simpler assessments, but for the ditch and stream-scenarios the difference between the simple drift calculation and the FOCUS SW-simulation is rather small.
9.4 PestSurf
9.4.1 Sandy Catchment, stream
The distribution of concentrations was assessed in several steps. First, the maximum concentrations at each calculation point were listed, and the dates for the occurrence of the maximum were assessed. The points, for which the maximum value also represents a local maximum, were selected for further analysis. The relevant values are listed in Table 9.2.
Table 9.2. Maximum concentrations (ng/l) of prosulfocarb simulated for each calculation point in the sandy catchment.
Tabel 9.2. Maximumkoncentrationer (ng/l) af prosulfocarb simuleret for hvert beregningspunkt i det sandede opland.
| PROSULFOCARB | Maximum | Max. Time | Local maxima |
| ODDERBAEK 0.00 | 5224 | 25-09-2001 09:18 | |
| ODDERBAEK 56.00 | 5554 | 25-09-2001 09:18 | |
| ODDERBAEK 112.00 | 6506 | 25-09-2001 09:09 | |
| ODDERBAEK 192.00 | 12787 | 25-09-2001 08:41 | |
| ODDERBAEK 272.00 | 19469 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 278.00 | 20338 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 282.00 | 20897 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 298.50 | 22419 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 315.00 | 24117 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 317.50 | 24379 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 320.00 | 24617 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 410.00 | 31926 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 500.00 | 35584 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 513.00 | 37468 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 521.00 | 38700 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 622.00 | 46160 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 723.00 | 51924 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 733.00 | 53602 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 742.00 | 54516 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 789.50 | 57139 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 837.00 | 59651 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 848.00 | 60708 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 863.00 | 62047 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 956.00 | 66140 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1049.00 | 66867 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | X |
| ODDERBAEK 1111.50 | 64498 | 25-09-2005 08:32 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1174.00 | 59319 | 25-09-2005 08:32 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1226.00 | 56475 | 25-09-2005 08:42 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1278.00 | 55135 | 25-09-2005 08:51 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1293.50 | 54626 | 25-09-2005 08:51 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1310.00 | 53783 | 25-09-2005 08:51 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1421.00 | 50723 | 25-09-2005 09:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1532.00 | 43302 | 02-10-2000 09:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1558.06 | 39138 | 25-09-2001 09:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1584.12 | 37470 | 25-09-2001 08:41 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1584.12 | 37470 | 25-09-2001 08:41 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1621.06 | 37316 | 25-09-2001 08:41 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1658.00 | 38123 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1698.50 | 39546 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1739.00 | 40230 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | X |
| ODDERBAEK 1801.50 | 38324 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1864.00 | 31033 | 02-10-2004 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 1977.00 | 26022 | 02-10-2000 09:54 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2090.00 | 25388 | 02-10-2000 10:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2098.00 | 25360 | 02-10-2000 10:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2105.00 | 25251 | 02-10-2000 10:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2131.00 | 25046 | 02-10-2000 10:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2157.00 | 24676 | 02-10-2000 10:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2168.00 | 24557 | 02-10-2000 10:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2179.00 | 24456 | 02-10-2000 10:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2268.50 | 24112 | 02-10-2000 10:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2358.00 | 22862 | 02-10-2000 10:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2363.50 | 22751 | 02-10-2000 10:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2372.00 | 22646 | 01-10-1998 11:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2427.00 | 22576 | 01-10-2002 11:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2482.00 | 22330 | 01-10-2002 11:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2609.00 | 22338 | 01-10-2002 11:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2736.00 | 21221 | 02-10-2000 11:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2831.00 | 21163 | 02-10-2000 11:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2926.00 | 20227 | 02-10-2000 11:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2958.50 | 20034 | 02-10-2000 11:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 2991.00 | 19791 | 02-10-2000 11:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3029.50 | 19261 | 02-10-2000 11:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3068.00 | 18339 | 02-10-2004 11:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3131.00 | 17205 | 02-10-2004 11:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3194.00 | 16441 | 02-10-2000 12:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3250.50 | 16445 | 02-10-2000 12:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3307.00 | 16371 | 02-10-2000 12:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3315.00 | 16368 | 02-10-2000 12:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3323.00 | 16356 | 02-10-2000 12:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3355.50 | 17590 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3388.00 | 19786 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3438.50 | 22644 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3489.00 | 23851 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3499.50 | 23936 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | X |
| ODDERBAEK 3510.00 | 23851 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3581.00 | 23281 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3652.00 | 20635 | 25-09-2001 08:33 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3707.00 | 19679 | 25-09-2001 08:41 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3762.00 | 17819 | 25-09-2001 08:41 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3790.00 | 15548 | 01-10-1998 08:42 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3818.00 | 12510 | 01-10-1998 08:42 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3818.00 | 12510 | 01-10-1998 08:42 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3884.00 | 12147 | 01-10-1998 08:51 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3950.00 | 11574 | 01-10-1998 08:51 | |
| ODDERBAEK 3998.00 | 10775 | 01-10-1998 08:51 | |
| ODDERBAEK 4046.00 | 10297 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 4047.50 | 10291 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 4049.00 | 10289 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 4052.50 | 10284 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 4056.00 | 10277 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 4058.00 | 10273 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 4060.00 | 10263 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 4080.00 | 10161 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 4100.00 | 10066 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| ODDERBAEK 4134.00 | 10080 | 01-10-1998 09:08 | |
| ODDERBAEK 4168.00 | 10101 | 01-10-1998 09:08 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 0.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 08:06 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 50.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 08:06 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 100.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 08:06 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 150.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 08:06 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 200.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 08:06 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 250.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 08:06 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 300.00 | 0 | 09-02-2000 00:00 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 340.00 | 0 | 13-02-2000 00:00 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 380.00 | 0 | 18-10-2002 01:00 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 430.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 08:06 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 480.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 08:06 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 530.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 08:06 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 580.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 08:06 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 630.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 09:17 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 680.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 09:17 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 730.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 09:17 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 780.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 09:17 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 830.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 09:08 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 880.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 09:08 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 915.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 09:08 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 950.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 09:08 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 985.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 09:08 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 1020.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 09:08 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 1045.00 | 0 | 01-10-1998 09:08 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 1070.00 | 1 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 1110.00 | 2 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 1150.00 | 5 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 1190.00 | 15 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 1230.00 | 43 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 1271.00 | 123 | 01-10-1998 09:00 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 1312.00 | 342 | 01-10-1998 08:51 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 1422.00 | 3043 | 01-10-1998 08:51 | |
| GISLUM_ENGE_AFLOEB 1532.00 | 12510 | 01-10-1998 08:42 | |
| TILLOEB 0.00 | 36013 | 25-09-2001 08:41 | |
| TILLOEB 20.16 | 36884 | 25-09-2001 08:41 | |
| TILLOEB 40.31 | 37470 | 25-09-2001 08:41 | X |
| global max | 66867 |
The pattern over time was the same for all calculation points. The peak values were generated by wind drift, see Figure 9.1.
Each of the events generated an almost identical pattern along the stream. Figure 9.2 to Figure 9.5 show longitidunal profiles from 25 September 2001, from the end of spraying at 8.30 till 12.00. The concentrations move through the catchment and it takes almost 24 hours before the solute has left the downstream end.
The thin black line represents the concentration, while the thick black line shows the maximum concentrations obtained during the simulations. In addition, the outline of the stream is shown. In the middle of the catchment, unsprayed areas protect the stream. The maximum values at the center of the catchment are obtained when the peak from upstream moves through the catchment during the hour following spraying.
In order to present the data in a similar fashion to the FOCUS SW-results, data were extracted and recalculated for the time series marked in Table 9.2. The global maxima and time-weighted concentrations (up to 7 days) were extracted and are reported in Table 9.3. Note that the unit is ng/l.
The concentration of prosulfocarb on macrophytes is shown on Figure 9.6 and reaches 0.212 ng/l. The concentration is relatively low and will not influence the stream concentration markedly. The maximum porewater concentration is shown in Figure 9.7. The concentration of prosulfocarb sorbed to sediment was 15 ng/kg.
Figure 9.1. Concentration pattern over time for prosulfocarb in the sandy catchment.
Figur 9.1. Koncentrationsmønster som funktion af tid for prosulfocarb i det sandede opland.
Figure 9.2. Concentrations of prosulfocarb in the sandy catchment on 25. September 2001, 8.30.
Figur 9.2. Koncentrationer prosulfocarb i det sandede opland den 25. september 2001, 8.30.
Figure 9.3. Concentrations of prosulfocarb in the sandy catchment on 25. September 2001, 9.00.
Figur 9.3. Koncentrationer prosulfocarb i det sandede opland den 20. october 2001, 9.00.
Figure 9.4. Concentrations of prosulfocarb in the sandy catchment on 25. September 2001, 10.00.
Figur 9.4. Koncentrationer prosulfocarb i det sandede opland den 25. september 2001, 10.00.
Figure 9.5. Concentrations of prosulfocarb in the sandy catchment on 25. September 2001, 12.00.
Figur 9.5. Koncentrationer prosulfocarb i det sandede opland den 25. september 2001, 12.00.
Table 9.3. Actual and time weighted concentration (ng/l) of prosulfocarb at selected points in the sandy stream.
Tabel 9.3. Beregnet og tidsvægtet koncentration af prosulfocarb, ng/l, på udvalgte lokaliteter i det sandede vandløb.
Figure 9.6. Typical concentration pattern for prosulfocarb sorbed on macrophytes.
Figur 9.6. Koncentration af prosufocarb sorberet på makrofytter.
Figure 9.7. Pore water concentration of prosulfocarb in the sandy catchment.
Figur 9.7. Porevandskoncentration for prosulfocarb i det sandede opland.
Figure 9.8. Sediment concentration of prosulfocarb in the sandy catchment. Note that the concentration is in µg/g and not µg/m³ as indicated.
Figur 9.8. Sedimentkoncentration af prosulfocarb i det sandede opland. Bemærk at koncentrationen er i µg/g og ikke i µg/m³ som angivet.
The global maximum value calculated by PestSurf for the sandy catchment in the water phase is 66.9 µg/l. This is considerably more than what is found in the D3-ditch scenario (15.2 µg/l). The sediment concentration is also very different (15 ng/kg compared to 8.23 µg/kg).
Figure 9.9 shows the output of the PestSurf Excel template. The template works with pre-defined data extraction points. The plot requires specification of a “lowest detection value” (ldc) which defines when a pesticide occurrence is defined as an event. The time series plot is identical to the time series shown earlier, and the graph in the upper right corner resembles the plots in Figure 9.2 and Figure 9.3, but takes into account a longer period of time. A curve is generated when a downstream point reaches a concentration higher than the ldc. The programme then tracks the highest concentration for each calculation point in the stream within the last 24 hours. The plot in the lower right corner shows how many events have concentrations higher than a given value (ldc) for the selected monitoring points.
Table 9.4 shows part of the result sheet generated by the PestSurf Excel sheet based on the ldc-value. The selected table shows the point along the stream (of the pre-defined points) with the highest concentration. This value was, however, only 37.3 µg/l. Thus, the pre-defined points have not caught the highest concentration of the simulation, which was 66.9 µg/l.
Figure 9.9. Overview for prosulfocarb in the sandy catchment generated by the PestSurf excel template. The max concentrations generated over the 24 hours are similar to to the overviews in Figure 9.2 and Figure 9.3. The graph to the lower right shows how many events have concentrations higher than a given value for the selected points. Detection value was set to 10 ng/l.
Figur 9.9. Oversigt for prosulfocarb i det sandede opland genereret med PestSurf-excel-skabelonen. Den maximale koncentration genereret over 24 timer svarer til oversigten i Figur 9.2 and Figur 9.3. Grafen nederst til højre viser hvor mange hænderlser, der har koncentrationer størrre end end given værdi for de fordefinerede lokaliteter. Detektionsgrænsen var sat til 10 ng/l.
Table 9.4. Part of the result sheet generated by the PestSurf Excel sheet. The selected table shows the pre-defined point along the stream with the highest concentration recorded. The lowest detection value is 10 ng/l, toxicity to fish, daphnies and algae are set to 100, 1000 and 10000 ng/, respectively. The recorded peaks are shown in Figure 9.9.
Tabel 9.4. Uddrag af resultatpresentationen genereret af PestSurf-Excel-arket. Den udvalgte tabel viser det fordefinerede punkt langs med åen med højest koncentration. Detektionsgrænsen er sat til 10 ng/l mens toxicitetsværdierne for fisk, dafnier og alger er henholdsvis 100, 1000 og 10000 ng/l. De tabellerede hændelser er vist i Figur 9.9.
9.4.2 Sandy Catchment, pond
The concentration pattern is evaluated in the middle of the pond only, see Figure 9.10. The pond receives drift but the contribution through groundwater dominates the picture during the whole simulation period. The maximum concentration is 4.04 µg/l.
Figure 9.10. Concentrations of prosulfocarb in the sandy pond.
Figur 9.10. Koncentration af prosulfocarb i det sandede vandhul.
In Table 9.5, global maxima and time-weighted concentrations (up to 7 days) were extracted.
Table 9.5. Maximum concentrations (ng/l) of prosulfocarb generated for the sandy pond.
Tabel 9.5. maximumkoncentrationer af prosulfocarb(ng/l) genereret for det sandede vandhul.
| Year | ODDER_POND 20.00, | |||
| Conc. | TWC | Date | ||
| 1998 | 1998 (global max) | 679 | 01-10-1998 | |
| 1 hour (after max) | 531 | 566 | ||
| 1 day after sp.in. | 463 | 461 | ||
| 2 days | 538 | 490 | ||
| 4 days | 559 | 505 | ||
| 7 days | 586 | 536 | ||
| 1999 | 1999 (global max) | 390 | 15-10-1999 | |
| 1 hour (after max) | 293 | 310 | ||
| 1 day after sp.in. | 243 | 252 | ||
| 2 days | 259 | 251 | ||
| 4 days | 264 | 254 | ||
| 7 days | 269 | 260 | ||
| 2000 | 2000 (global max) | 4036 | 02-10-2000 | |
| 1 hour (after max) | 2099 | 2684 | ||
| 1 day after sp.in. | 1009 | 1189 | ||
| 2 days | 1055 | 1084 | ||
| 4 days | 1061 | 1078 | ||
| 7 days | 944 | 1059 | ||
| 2001 | 2001 (global max) | 4036 | 25-09-2001 | |
| 1 hour (after max) | 1981 | 2614 | ||
| 1 day after sp.in. | 288 | 696 | ||
| 2 days | 71 | 326 | ||
| 4 days | 44 | 258 | ||
| 7 days | 17 | 159 | ||
| 2002 | 2002 (global max) | 680 | 01-10-2002 | |
| 1 hour (after max) | 532 | 567 | ||
| 1 day after sp.in. | 464 | 462 | ||
| 2 days | 540 | 492 | ||
| 4 days | 561 | 507 | ||
| 7 days | 588 | 537 | ||
| 2003 | 2003 (global max) | 390 | 15-10-2003 | |
| 1 hour (after max) | 293 | 311 | ||
| 1 day after sp.in. | 244 | 253 | ||
| 2 days | 260 | 252 | ||
| 4 days | 265 | 255 | ||
| 7 days | 270 | 261 | ||
| 2004 | 2004 (global max) | 4036 | 02-10-2004 | |
| 1 hour (after max) | 2099 | 2686 | ||
| 1 day after sp.in. | 1009 | 1189 | ||
| 2 days | 1055 | 1084 | ||
| 4 days | 1061 | 1078 | ||
| 7 days | 945 | 1059 | ||
| 2005 | 2005 (global max) | 4036 | 25-09-2005 | |
| 1 hour (after max) | 1981 | 2611 | ||
| 1 day after sp.in. | 288 | 696 | ||
| 2 days | 71 | 326 | ||
| 4 days | 44 | 258 | ||
| 7 days | 17 | 159 | ||
| Global max | 4036 | |||
| 1 hour (after max) | 2099 | 2686 | ||
| 1 day after sp.in. | 1009 | 1189 | ||
| 2 days | 1055 | 1084 | ||
| 4 days | 1061 | 1078 | ||
| 7 days | 945 | 1059 | ||
As for the previous simulation, the sorption to the macrophytes is limited, see Figure 9.11.The maximum concentration reached is 19 ng/l, which does not influence the water concentration significantly. The maximum concentrations reached for pore water is 2.0 ng/l, as shown in Figure 9.12. The amount of prosulfocarb adsorbed to sediment reaches 0.108 µg/kg, as shown in Figure 9.13.
Figure 9.11. Sorption of prosulfocarb to macrophytes in the sandy pond.
Figur 9.11. Sorption af prosulfocarb til makrofytter i det sandede vandhul.
Figure 9.12. Pore water concentration of prosulfocarb in the sandy pond.
Figur 9.12. Porevandskoncentration af prosulfocarb i det sandede vandhul.
Figure 9.13. Sorption of prosulfocarb to sediment in the sandy pond. The concentration is in µg/g sediment and not µg/m³ as stated.
Figur 9.13. Sorption af prosulfocarb til sediment i det sandede vandhul. Koncentrationen er i µg/g og ikke i µg/m³ som angivet.
Compared to the FOCUS D3 ditch, the concentration in the PestSurf sandy pond is lower, 4.04 µg/l compared to 15.2 µg/l. The maximum concentrations in both models are caused by wind drift, but the sandy pond also receives some contribution from groundwater. The sediment concentrations also differ considerably, 0.108 µg/kg compared to 8.23 µg/kg.
Figure 9.14 shows the output of the PestSurf Excel template. The template works with one pre-defined data extraction point for the pond (center of the pond). The plot requires specification of a “lowest detection value” (ldc) which defines when a pesticide occurrence is defined as an event. The time series plot is identical to the time series shown earlier. The plot to the right shows how many events have concentrations higher than a given toxicity value for the selected monitoring points.
Table 9.6 shows part of the result sheet generated by the PestSurf Excel sheet based on the ldc-value. In the pond-case, there is no difference between the results of PestSurf and the results extracted by the templates.
Click here to see Figure 9.14.
Figure 9.14. Overview for prosulfocarb in the sandy pond generated by the PestSurf excel template. The time series shown is identical to the one in Figure 9.10. The detectionvalue used for generation of the graph is 1 ng/l.
Figur 9.14. Oversigt for prosulfocarb i det sandede vandhul genereret med PestSurf-excel-skabelonen. Den viste tidsserie er mage til den i Figur 9.10. Detektionsgrænsen er sat til 1 ng/l.
Table 9.6. Part of the result sheet generated by the PestSurf Excel sheet, applied to prosulfocarb. The detection value used for generation of the table is 1 ng/l. The toxicity values were set to 10,100 and 1000 ng/l, respectively. The recorded peaks are shown in Figure 9.14.
Tabel 9.6. Uddrag af resultatpresentationen genereret af PestSurf-Excel-arket. Grænseværdien anvendt til tabelgenerering er sat til 1 ng/l mens toxicitetsværdierne for fisk, dafnier og alger er henholdsvis 10, 100 og 1000 ng/l. De tabellerede hændelser er vist i Figur 9.14.
9.4.3 Sandy Loam catchment, Stream
The distribution of concentrations was assessed in several steps. First, the maximum concentrations at each calculation point were listed (Table 9.7), and the dates for the occurrence of the maximum were assessed. The points, for which the maximum value also represents a local maximum, were selected for further analysis.
All points show the same type of time series pattern. The six points with highest maximum values were analysed further.
Table 9.7. Maximum concentrations (ng/l) of prosulfocarb simulated for each calculation point in the sandy loam catchment.
Tabel 9.7. Maximumskoncentrationer (ng/l) af prosulfocarb simuleret for hvert beregningspunkt i morænelersoplandet.
| PROSULFOCARB | Maximum | Max.Time | Local Maxima |
| ALBJERGBAEK 0.00 | 104 | 17-11-2000 00:00 | |
| ALBJERGBAEK 150.00 | 194 | 19-11-2000 00:00 | |
| ALBJERGBAEK 300.00 | 120 | 19-11-2000 00:00 | |
| ALBJERGBAEK 450.00 | 380 | 28-12-2001 00:00 | |
| ALBJERGBAEK 600.00 | 52012 | 25-09-1997 12:00 | |
| ELHOLTBAEK 0.00 | 112 | 24-09-1999 09:30 | |
| ELHOLTBAEK 165.00 | 17 | 08-10-2001 06:00 | |
| ELHOLTBAEK 330.00 | 44102 | 25-09-1997 08:50 | |
| FREDLIGBAEK 0.00 | 1585 | 17-11-2000 00:00 | |
| FREDLIGBAEK 100.00 | 2518 | 17-11-2000 00:00 | |
| FREDLIGBAEK 200.00 | 2695 | 17-11-2000 00:00 | |
| FREDLIGBAEK 300.00 | 2750 | 17-11-2000 00:00 | |
| FREDLIGBAEK 400.00 | 2688 | 17-11-2000 00:00 | |
| FREDLIGBAEK 500.00 | 2771 | 17-11-2000 00:00 | |
| FREDLIGBAEK 600.00 | 2377 | 17-11-2000 00:00 | |
| FREDLIGBAEK 667.50 | 3296 | 17-11-2000 00:00 | |
| FREDLIGBAEK 735.00 | 82036 | 24-09-1999 09:19 | X |
| GROFTEBAEK 0.00 | 346 | 26-12-2001 00:00 | |
| GROFTEBAEK 155.00 | 619 | 26-12-2001 00:00 | |
| GROFTEBAEK 310.00 | 557 | 26-12-2001 00:00 | |
| GROFTEBAEK 465.00 | 209 | 16-02-1995 00:00 | |
| GROFTEBAEK 620.00 | 107249 | 25-09-1997 09:00 | X |
| STENSBAEK 0.00 | 13720 | 09-10-2001 04:00 | |
| STENSBAEK 125.00 | 10607 | 09-10-2001 05:00 | |
| STENSBAEK 250.00 | 4453 | 09-10-2001 06:00 | |
| STENSBAEK 412.50 | 3065 | 09-10-2001 07:00 | |
| STENSBAEK 575.00 | 30382 | 25-09-1997 14:00 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 0.00 | 291 | 26-12-2001 00:00 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 125.00 | 88021 | 25-09-1996 08:30 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 250.00 | 95062 | 25-09-1996 08:39 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 290.00 | 122241 | 25-09-1996 10:00 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 330.00 | 52012 | 25-09-1997 12:00 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 330.00 | 52012 | 25-09-1997 12:00 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 352.50 | 70568 | 25-09-1996 13:00 | x |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 375.00 | 30382 | 25-09-1997 14:00 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 375.00 | 30382 | 25-09-1997 14:00 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 437.50 | 52418 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 500.00 | 89026 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 625.00 | 101722 | 25-09-1997 08:50 | x |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 750.00 | 66507 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 855.00 | 97125 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 960.00 | 44102 | 25-09-1997 08:50 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 960.00 | 44102 | 25-09-1997 08:50 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 980.00 | 47421 | 25-09-1997 08:50 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 1000.00 | 38981 | 25-09-1997 08:50 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 1062.50 | 37897 | 25-09-1997 09:00 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 1125.00 | 49033 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 1187.50 | 63633 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 1250.00 | 77111 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 1425.00 | 95033 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | x |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 1600.00 | 74074 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 1650.00 | 91622 | 25-09-1997 08:39 | |
| OVRELILLEBAEK 1700.00 | 53881 | 25-09-1997 09:09 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 0.00 | 53881 | 25-09-1997 09:09 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 135.00 | 54565 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 270.00 | 92070 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 330.00 | 106139 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 390.00 | 94968 | 25-09-1997 08:39 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 495.50 | 112354 | 25-09-1996 08:39 | X |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 601.00 | 82036 | 24-09-1999 09:19 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 601.00 | 82036 | 24-09-1999 09:19 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 693.00 | 79313 | 25-09-1996 09:30 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 785.00 | 126371 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 847.00 | 177511 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | X |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 909.00 | 107249 | 25-09-1997 09:00 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 909.00 | 107249 | 25-09-1997 09:00 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 984.50 | 100458 | 25-09-1997 09:09 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 1060.00 | 142424 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 1169.50 | 173367 | 25-09-1997 08:30 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 1279.00 | 234524 | 25-09-1997 08:39 | X |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 1409.50 | 113207 | 24-09-1999 09:10 | |
| NEDRELILLEBAEK 1540.00 | 72207 | 25-09-1995 11:00 | |
| global max | 234524 |
Figure 9.15 to Figure 9.16 show the concentration pattern as it appears for the whole stream. Wind drift events dominate the picture. With respect to drainage events, which are hardly visible on the plots, two sets of events stand out in the simulations – the 18 November 1996 and similarly in 2000, and an event around 10-17 October 1997 and 2001. The first peak is most important in the upstream part and it is diluted as the peak moves through the catchment. It generates concentrations of about 2 µg/l. It is caused by an increase in drainwater starting slowly on 12 November and accentuated by 12 mm of rain falling on 16 November. The second event occurs all over the catchment and produces the highest drainage concentrations observed. It is caused by several days of rainfall (see Table 9.8) and consists of two peaks, one on 11 October and one on 17 October. It is visible on Figure 9.16.
Table 9.8. Rainfall causing the largest drainage concentrations in the majority of the stream.
Tabel 9.8. Nedbør, der giver anledning til de højeste drænvandskoncentrationer i størstedelen af åen.
| Date | Rainfall, mm |
| 7th Oct 1997 | 8.6 |
| 8th Oct | 19.4 |
| 9th Oct | 28.9 |
| 10th Oct | 25.4 |
| 11th Oct | 7.7 |
| 13th Oct | 2.0 |
| 17th Oct | 8.3 |
Figure 9.15. Concentration pattern for prosulfocarb in OvreLillebaek, 625 m from upstream end of the sandy loam stream.
Figur 9.15. Koncentrationsmønster for prosulfocarb i Øvre Lillebæk (625 m fra opstrøms ende ) i den øvre del af morænelersoplandet.
Figure 9.16. Concentration pattern for prosulfocarb in the lower part of the sandy loam catchment.
Figur 9.16. Koncentrationsmønster for prosulfocarb i i den nedre del af morænelersoplandet.
The concentrations in the sandy loam catchment are shown in Figure 9.17 to Figure 9.20 for 25 September at 08:39, 09:00, 10:00 and 12:00 hours after spraying, respectively. It takes about 1.3 day before all pesticide has left the catchment.
The thin black line represents the concentration, while the thick black line shows the maximum concentrations obtained during the simulations. In addition, the outline of the stream is shown.
Figure 9.17. Concentrations in the sandy loam catchment on 25. September 1997, 08:40.
Figur 9.17. Koncentrationer i morænelersoplandet den 25. september-1997, 08.40.
Figure 9.18. Concentrations in the sandy loam catchment on 25. September 1997, 09:00.
Figur 9.18. Koncentrationer i morænelersoplandet den 25. september-1997, 09.00.
Figure 9.19. Concentrations in the sandy loam catchment on 25 September 1997, 10:00.
Figur 9.19. Koncentrationer i morænelersoplandet den 25. september-1997, 10.00.
Figure 9.20. Concentrations in the sandy loam catchment on 25 September 1997, 12:00.
Figur 9.20. Koncentrationer i morænelersoplandet den 25. september-1997, 12.00.
To be able to extract comparable values to FOCUS SW, the global maxima and time weighted concentrations (up to 7 days) were extracted when these were meaningful. The extracted figures are recorded in Table 9.9.
Figure 9.21 and Figure 9.22 show the concentrations sorbed to macrophytes in the upper and lower part of the sandy loam catchment, respectively.
During periods of the simulation the concentration is significant compared to the concentration in the water phase. The concentration reached is 3.12 µg/l.
Figure 9.23 and Figure 9.24 show the concentration of prosulfocarb in porewater and Figure 9.25 and Figure 9.26 the concentration of pesticide adsorbed to sediment. The maximum concentration reached is quite small, 53 ng/kg. The pattern of sorption to macrophytes follows the pattern of the water concentrations, and the adsorption to sediment follows the concentration in porewater.
Compared to the FOCUS SW D4-stream-scenario, the maximum concentration of PestSurf is much higher, 235 µg/l compared to 13.1 µg/l. The highest concentration reached in both models is caused by drift. The very high concentrations are caused by simultaneous spraying on the total agricultural area within 30 minutes. If the concentration is evaluated 125 m from the upstream end, the concentration reaches 88.0 µg/l. The water depth at the time of spraying is below 3.4 cm.
The sediment concentration reached by the two models differ considerably, 568 ng/kg by FOCUS SW and 53 ng/kg by PestSurf.
Figure 9.27, Figure 9.28, Table 9.10 and Table 9.11 show the results as generated by the PestSurf templates. The maximum value generated by the templates for the upper part of the stream is 2.30 µg/l, and for the lower part is 12.6 µg/l. The maximum value generated in the (upstream part of the) catchment is 3.092 µg/l and for the lower part is 15.4 µg/l. Thus, the templates did not catch the maximum concentration of the PestSurf simulation.
Figure 9.21. Concentration on macrophytes in ng/l in the upper part of the sandy loam catchment.
Figur 9.21. Koncentration på makrofytter i den opstrøms ende af morænelersoplandet.
Figure 9.22. Concentration on macrophytes in ng/l in the lower part of the sandy loam catchment.
Figur 9.22. Koncentration på makrofytter i den nedstrøms ende af morænelersoplandet.
Figure 9.23. Concentration of prosulfocarb in porewater in the upper part of the sandy loam catchment.
Figur 9.23. Porevandskoncentration af prosulfocarb i den øvre del af morænelersoplandet.
Figure 9.24. Concentration of prosulfocarb in porewater in the lower part of the sandy loam catchment.
Figur 9.24. Porevandskoncentration af prosulfocarb i den nedre del af morænelersoplandet.
Figure 9.25. Concentration of prosulfocarb on sediment i in the upper part of the sandy laom catchment. The concentration is in µg/g sediment and not µg/m³ as stated.
Figur 9.25. Koncentration af prosulfocarb i sediment i den øvre del af morænelersoplandet. Koncentrationen er i µg/g sediment og ikke µg/m³ som angivet.
Figure 9.26. Concentration of prosulfocarb on sediment in the lower part of the sandy loam catchment. The concentration is in µg/g sediment and not µg/m³ as stated.
Figur 9.26. Koncentration af prosulfocarb i sediment iden øvre del af morænelersoplandet. Koncentrationen er i µg/g sediment og ikke µg/m³ som angivet.
Table 9.9. Maximum concentrations (ng/l) of prosulfocarb simulated for selected calculation point in the sandy loam catchment.
Tabel 9.9. Maximumskoncentrationer (ng/l) af prosulfocarb for udvalgte lokaliteter i morænelersoplandet.
Click here to see Figure 9.27.
Figure 9.27. Overview for prosulfocarb in the sandy loam catchment generated by the PestSurf excel template for the upstream part of the sandy laom catchment. The detection value was set to 100 ng/l.
Figur 9.27. Oversigt for prosulfocarb genereret med PestSurf-excel-skabelonen for den opstrøms del af morænelersoplandet. Detektionsgrænsen var sat til 100 ng/l.
Click here to see Figure 9.28.
Figure 9.28. Overview for prosulfocarb in the sandy loam catchment generated by the PestSurf excel template for the downstream part of the catchment. The detection value was set to 100 ng/l.
Figur 9.28. Oversigt for prosulfocarb i den nedstrøms del af morænelersoplandet genereret med PestSurf-excel-skabelonen for den opstrøms del af morænelersoplandet. Detektionsgrænsen var sat til 100 ng/l.
Table 9.10. Part of the result sheet generated by the PestSurf Excel sheet for the upstream part of the sandy loam catchment. The lowest detection value is 100 ng/l, toxicity to fish, daphnies and algae are set to 1000, 10000 and 100000 ng/, respectively. The recorded peaks are shown in Figure 9.27.
Tabel 9.10. Uddrag af resultatpresentationen genereret af PestSurf-Excel-arket for den opstrøms del af morænelersoplandet. Detektionsgrænsen for tabelgenerering er sat til 100 ng/l. Toxicitetsværdierne for fisk, dafnier og alger er henholdsvis 1000, 10000 og 100000 ng/l. Hændelserne er vist i Figur 9.27.
Table 9.11. Part of the result sheet generated by the PestSurf Excel sheet for the downstream part of the sandy loam catchment. The lowest detection value is 100 ng/l, toxicity to fish, daphnies and algae are set to 1000, 10000 and 100000 ng/, respectively. The recorded peaks are shown in Figure 9.28.
Tabel 9.11. Uddrag af resultatpresentationen genereret af PestSurf-Excel-arket for den nedstrøms del af morænelersoplandet. Detektionsgrænsen for tabelgenerering er sat til 100 ng/l. Toxicitetsværdierne for fisk, dafnier og alger er henholdsvis 1000, 5000 og 10000 ng/l. Hændelserne er vist i Figur 9.28.
9.4.4 Sandy loam catchment, pond
The concentration pattern is evaluated in the middle of the pond only, see Figure 9.29. The pond receives contributions mainly through drift. The maximum concentration reaches, 4.17 µg/l.
Figure 9.29. Concentrations of prosulfocarb for the sandy loam pond.
Figur 9.29. Koncentration af prosulfocarb i morænelersvandhullet.
Figure 9.30. Prosulfocarb sorbed to the macrophytes in the sandy loam pond.
Figur 9.30. Prosulfocarb sorberet til makrofytter i morænelersvandhullet.
Figure 9.30 shows that the macrophytes participate in the regulation of the concentrations in the pond, as the concentration level is significant compared to the concentration level in the water phase. The pore water concentration reaches 1.42 ng/l and is shown in Figure 9.31. The concentration in the sediment is shown in Figure 9.32. The maximum concentration reached is 77 ng/kg.
Figure 9.31. Concentration of prosulfocarb in porewater in the sandy loam pond.
Figur 9.31. Porevandskoncentration af prosulfocarb i morænelersvandhullet.
Figure 9.32. Prosulfocarb sorbed to the sediment in the sandy loam pond. The concentration is in µg/g sediment and not µg/m³ as stated.
Figur 9.32. Prosulfocarb sorberet til sediment i morænelersvandhullet i Koncentrationen er i µg/g sediment og ikke µg/m³ som angivet.
In Table 9.12, global maxima and time weighted concentrations (up to 7 days) were extracted.
Table 9.12. Actual and time weighted concentrations (ng/l) of prosulfocarb in the sandy loam pond.
Tabel 9.12. Beregnede og tidsvægtede koncentrationer (ng/l) af prosulfocarb i morænelersvandhullet.
| Year | Prosulfocarb | actual | Time-weighted | Date |
| 1994 | global max | 955 | 25-09-1994 | |
| 1 hour(after max) | 772 | 848 | ||
| 1 day after sp.in. | 421 | 536 | ||
| 3 days | 271 | 398 | ||
| 4 days | 238 | 362 | ||
| 7 days | 193 | 297 | ||
| 1995 | Global max | 2172 | 25-09-1995 | |
| 1 hour | 1515 | 1770 | ||
| 1 day | 505 | 798 | ||
| 2 days | 266 | 498 | ||
| 4 days | 230 | 435 | ||
| 7 days | 190 | 336 | ||
| 1996 | global max | 4158 | 25-09-1996 | |
| 1 hour | 2270 | 2917 | ||
| 1 day | 503 | 947 | ||
| 2 days | 259 | 540 | ||
| 4 days | 229 | 465 | ||
| 7 days | 198 | 355 | ||
| 1997 | global max | 4170 | 25-09-1997 | |
| 1 hour | 2271 | 2921 | ||
| 1 day | 490 | 939 | ||
| 2 days | 241 | 526 | ||
| 4 days | 209 | 450 | ||
| 7 days | 177 | 338 | ||
| 1998 | global max | 956 | 24-09-1998 | |
| 1 hour | 773 | 849 | ||
| 1 day | 421 | 536 | ||
| 2 days | 271 | 398 | ||
| 4 days | 239 | 362 | ||
| 7 days | 193 | 298 | ||
| 1999 | global max | 2172 | 24-09-1999 | |
| 1 hour | 1515 | 1770 | ||
| 1 day | 505 | 799 | ||
| 2 days | 267 | 499 | ||
| 4 days | 231 | 436 | ||
| 7 days | 191 | 337 | ||
| 2000 | global max | 4158 | 24-09-2000 | |
| 1 hour | 2270 | 2919 | ||
| 1 day | 501 | 945 | ||
| 2 days | 256 | 538 | ||
| 4 days | 225 | 463 | ||
| 7 days | 194 | 352 | ||
| 2001 | global max | 4170 | 24-09-2001 | |
| 1 hour | 2271 | 2919 | ||
| 1 day | 489 | 938 | ||
| 2 days | 239 | 525 | ||
| 4 days | 208 | 449 | ||
| 7 days | 176 | 337 | ||
| max values | ||||
| global max | 4170 | |||
| 1 hour | 2271 | 2921 | ||
| 1 day | 505 | 947 | ||
| 2 days | 271 | 540 | ||
| 4 days | 239 | 465 | ||
| 7 days | 198 | 355 |
Figure 9.33 and Table 9.13 show output from the PestSurf template, with a time series identical to Figure 9.29.
The FOCUS SW-scenario D4-pond generates a concentration of 0.524 µg/l, which is considerably lower than the PestSurf sandy loam pond-concentration of 4.17 µg/l. The water depth at the time of maximum concentration is 23 cm. The difference in exposure and depth accounts for a factor of about 10, and the difference between the two models is therefore justified.
With respect to sediment concentrations the difference is also substantial, 0.568 µg/kg against 0.077 µg/kg in PestSurf.
The water concentration is influenced by macrophytes in this case – about 1/8 of the total concentration above the sediment is present in the macrophytes.
Click here to see Figure 9.33.
Figure 9.33. Overview for prosulfocarb in the sandy loam pond generated by the PestSurf excel template. The time series shown is identical to the one in Figure 9.29. The lowest detection value used is 1 ng/l.
Figur 9.33. Oversigt for prosulfocarb i morænelersvandhullet genereret med PestSurf-excel-skabelonen. Den viste tidsserie er mage til den i Figur 9.29. Detektionsgrænsen er sat til 1 ng/l.
Click here to see Figure 9.34.
Figure 9.34. Overview for prosulfocarb in the sandy loam pond generated by the PestSurf excel template. The time series shown is identical to the one in Figure 9.29. The lower right figure differs from Figure 9.33. The toxicity value used for the lower right figure is 10 ng/l.
Figur 9.34. Oversigt for prosulfocarb i morænelersvandhullet genereret med PestSurf-excel-skabelonen. Den viste tidsserie er mage til den i Figur 9.29. Figuren nederst til højre afviger fra Figur 9.33. Toxicitetsværdien anvendt i figuren nederst til højre er sat til 10 ng/l.
Table 9.13. Part of the result sheet generated by the PestSurf Excel sheet. The detection value was set to 1 ng/l and the toxicity values for fish, daphnies and algae were set to 10, 100 and 1000 ng/l, respectively. The recorded peaks are shown in Figure 9.33.
Tabel 9.13. Uddrag af resultatpresentationen genereret af PestSurf-Excel-arket. Detektionsgrænsen er sat til 1 ng/l. Toxicitetsværdierne for fisk, dafnier og alger er henholdsvis 10, 100 og 1000 ng/l. De tabellerede hændelser er vist i Figur 9.33.
Table 9.14. Summary of simulation results for Prosulfocarb.
Tabel 9.14. Opsummerede resultater for prosulfocarb.
9.5 Summary of simulations
The maximum actual concentrations for all simulations are recorded in Table 9.14.
The concentration in the sandy pond is lower than for the D3 ditch, which is lower than for the sandy stream. The high concentration in the sandy stream is caused by simultaneous spraying of all agricultural areas within 30 minutes. The concentration 112 m from the upstream end reaches 6.50 µg/l, which is more comparable to the 15.2 µg/l found in the D3-ditch. The PestSurf concentration is, however, caused by a combination of a reduced dose due to a buffer zone of 20 m and a water depth of 6-7 cm.
The FOCUS SW-scenario D4-pond generates a concentration of 0.524 µg/l, which is considerably lower than the PestSurf sandy loam pond-concentration of 4.17 µg/l. The water depth at the time of maximum concentration is 23 cm. The difference in exposure and depth accounts for a factor of about 10, and the difference between the two models is therefore justified.
Compared to the FOCUS SW D4- stream-scenario, the maximum concentration of PestSurf is much higher, 235 µg/l compared to 13.1 µg/l. The highest concentration reached in both models are caused by drift. The very high concentrations are caused by simultaneous spraying on the total agricultural area within 30 minutes. If the concentration is evaluated 125 m from the upstream end, the concentration reaches 88.0 µg/l. The water depth at the time of spraying is below 3.4 cm. The maximum concentration reached between 500 and 1700 m from the upstream end is 102 µg/l.
Macrophytes do influence the concentrations but only to a small extent. The concentrations in sediment are substantially lower than what is calculated by FOCUS SW.
Version 1.0 December 2006, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency