Environmental and Health Assessment of Substances in Household Detergents and Cosmetic Detergent Products

Table 13.5
Ranking of substances in household detergents (gmv.: geometric mean value).

 

Ready biodegradability

Potential bioaccumulation

Aquatic toxicity, EC/LC50 (mg/l)

Remarks (and human health hazard class for selected substances)

Reference to this report

Anionic surfactants

Environmental hazard class 0

C6-8 dialkylsulfosuccinate

No

No data

10-100

C8, D. magna, 33, Section 3.6.2

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions
Human health hazard class 00

Section 3.6

Environmental hazard class 3A

C10-13 linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (avg. C11.6)
(CAS No. 25155-30-0)

Yes

No

£ 1
C12, M. aeruginosa: 0.9, Tab. 3.15
C10-13, A. tonsa: 0.54, Tab. 3.16

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions
Human health hazard class 2E

Section 3.3

C16-18 a -olefine sulfonate

Yes

No data

£ 1
C16-18, S. gairdneri: 0.8, Tab. 3.21

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions
Human health hazard class 2E

Section 3.5

Environmental hazard class 3

C12 alkyl sulfate (CAS No. 151-21-3)

Yes

No

£ 1
C12, A. tonsa: 0.6, Tab. 3.5

Human health hazard class 2D

Section 3.1

C12-14 alkyl sulfate

Yes

No

£ 1
C12, A. tonsa: 0.6, Tab. 3.5

Human health hazard class 2D

Section 3.1

C16-18 alkyl sulfate

Yes

No

£ 1
C16, O. latipes: 0.5, Tab. 3.6

 

Section 3.1

C16 alkyl ether sulfate, 2-6 EO

Yes

No

£ 1
C16 + C14-16, P. promelas, 0.84 (gmv.),

Tab. 3.12

Human health hazard class 3E

Section 3.2

Environmental hazard class 4

C12 alkyl ether sulfate, 1-4 EO
(CAS Nos. 9004-82-4, 1335-72-4)

Yes

No

1-10
C12, P. promelas: 1.5, Tab. 3.12

Human health hazard class 3E

Section 3.2

C14-17 secondary alkane sulfonate
(CAS No. 68037-49-0)

Yes

No data

1-10
C14-15,
P. phoxinus + C16,
C18, L. macrochirus,
6.5 (gmv.), Tab. 3.20

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions
Human health hazard class 2E

Section 3.4

C15-18 secondary alkane sulfonate

Yes

No data

1-10
C15,
P. phoxinus + C16, C18, L. macrochirus,
3.7 (gmv.), Tab. 3.20

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions
Human health hazard class 2E

Section 3.4

C14-16 a -olefine sulfonate

Yes

No data

1-10
C14-16, I. idus: 3.4, Tab. 3.21

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions
Human health hazard class 2E

Section 3.5

Coconut fatty acid soap, C8-18
(CAS No. 61789-31-9)

Yes

No data

1-10
Na-soap, O. latipes: 5.9, Tab. 3.27

Human health hazard class 3E

Section 3.7

Palm oil/palm kernel oil fatty acid soap, C8-18
(CAS No. 61789-89-7; 61790-97-2)

Yes

No data

1-10
Na-soap, O. latipes: 5.9, Tab. 3.27

Human health hazard class 3E

Section 3.7

Tallow fatty acid soap, C14-18
(CAS No. 8052-48-0)

Yes

No data

1-10
Na-soap, O. latipes: 5.9, Tab. 3.27

Human health hazard class 3E

Section 3.7

Nonionic surfactants

Environmental hazard class 0

C10-13 alcohol alkoxylate, EO6, PO3

Yes

No data

1-10
C10-13 EO6, PO3, alga, Tab. 4.10

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions (no data; assessment)

Section 4.1

Fatty acid amides, ethoxylated

Yes/No

No data

1-10
C12-14 EO4, Daphnia sp., 2.5, Tab. 4.24

 

Section 4.4

Environmental hazard class 2

C13 alcohol ethoxylate, EO7-8;
1 internal CH3; 46% branching

No

No

1-10
C13 EO7-8, S. subspicatus, 5, Tab. 4.9

 

Section 4.1

C10-14 alcohol ethoxylate, EO7;
2.9 internal CH3, quaternary C-atom

No

No

1-10
C13 EO7, S. capricornutum, 7.5, Tab. 4.9

 

Section 4.1

C11-15 alcohol ethoxylate, EO7;
4 internal CH3, quaternary C-atom

No

No

1-10
C11-15 EO7, P. promelas, 6.1, Tab. 4.14

 

Section 4.1

Environmental hazard class 3A

C13-15 alcohol ethoxylate, EO3
(CAS No. 68213-23-0)

Yes

Yes

£ 1
C12-13 EO4.5-6.5 + C14 EO3-4,
D. magna, 0.76 (gmv.), Tab. 4.11

Indications for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms, but not sufficient evidence to fulfil the criteria for environmental hazard class 1.
Human health hazard class 2E

Section 4.1

C14 alcohol ethoxylate, EO4

Yes

Yes

£ 1
D. magna, 0.76 (gmv.; see above)

Indications for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms, but not sufficient evidence to fulfil the criteria for environmental hazard class 1.
Human health hazard class 2E

Section 4.1

C16 alcohol ethoxylate, EO8

Yes

Yes

£ 1
C14-15 EO6 + C15 EO7-8,
S. subspicatus, 0.07 (gmv.), Tab. 4.8

Indications for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms, but not sufficient evidence to fulfil criteria for environmental hazard class1.
Human health hazard class 2E

Section 4.1

C13 alcohol ethoxylate, EO7-8;
1 internal CH3, 25% branching

Yes

No

£ 1
C13 EO7-8, S. subspicatus,
0.5, Tab. 4.9

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions (no data; assessment)

Section 4.1

C15 alcohol ethoxylate, EO7-8;
1 internal CH3, 25% branching

Yes

No

£ 1
C15 EO7-8, S. subspicatus,
0.05, Tab. 4.9

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions (no data; assessment)

Section 4.1

C13-15 alcohol alkoxylate, EO6, PO3Environmental hazard class 3

Yes

No data

£ 1
C13-15, EO6, PO3, alga, 0.5, Tab. 4.10

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions (no data; assessment)

Section 4.1

C12-14 alcohol ethoxylate, EO3/9EO (CAS No. 68439-50-9)

Yes

No

£ 1
C12-13 EO4.5-6.5 + C12-14 EO7-8,
D. magna, 0.56 (gmv.), Tab. 4.11

 

Section 4.1

C12-15 alcohol ethoxylate, EO7
(CAS No. 68131-39-5)

Yes

No

£ 1
P. promelas, 0.48, Tab. 4.13

Human health hazard class 2E

Section 4.1

C13-15 alcohol ethoxylate, EO7
(CAS No. 68213-23-0)

Yes

No

£ 1
C12-15 EO7-8, D. magna, 0.6 (gmv.),
Tab. 4.11

Human health hazard class 2E

Section 4.1

C16-18 alcohol ethoxylate, EO30

No

No

10-100
C16-18 EO30, D. magna, 18, Tab. 4.11

Human health hazard class 2E

Section 4.1

Oxo-C13-15 alcohol ethoxylate, EO7-8; 10% branching

Yes

No

£ 1
C13-15 EO7-8, S. subspicatus, 0.5, Tab. 4.9

 

Section 4.1

C12-14 alcohol ethoxylate, EO10, butylether (end-capped) (CAS No. 147993-63-3)

Yes

No

£ 1
C12-14 EO9, alga, 0.3, Tab. 4.10

Conflicting results on the anaerobic biodegradability of end-capped AE (this study; Appendix, Tables A10-11)

Section 4.1

Environmental hazard class 4

C9-11 alcohol ethoxylate, EO3-9 (CAS No. 68439-46-3)

Yes

No

1-10
C10-12 EO6, L. macrochirus, 6.4, Tab. 4.13

Human health hazard class 2E

Section 4.1

Iso-C13 alcohol ethoxylate, EO7-8; 3 internal CH3, highly branched (CAS No. 69011-36-5)

Yes

No

1-10
C13 EO7-8, S. subspicatus, 0.5, Tab. 4.9

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions (no data; assessment)

Section 4.1

C8-10 alkyl polyglycoside, DP 1.4 (CAS No. 54549-25-6)

Yes

No data

10-100
C8-10, D. magna, 20, Tab. 4.19

 

Section 4.3

C12-14 alkyl polyglycoside, DP 1.4 (CAS No. 141464-42-8)

Yes

No data

1-10
C12-14, B. rerio, 3.0, Tab. 4.20

 

Section 4.3

C12 fatty acid glucose amide

Yes

No data

10-100
C12, P. promelas, 39, Tab. 4.20

Human health hazard class 00

 

C12-14 fatty acid glucose amide

Yes

No data

1-10
C12-14, B. rerio, 7.5, Tab. 4.20

Human health hazard class 00

 

C14 fatty acid glucose amide

Yes

No data

1-10
C14, P. promelas, 2.9, Tab. 4.20

Human health hazard class 00

 

Cocodiethanolamide (CAS Nos. 68603-42-9, 61791-31-9)

Yes

No data

1-10
S. subspicatus, 2.3, Tab. 4.23

Human health hazard class 2B

Section 4.4

Cocomonoethanolamide (CAS No. 68140-00-1)

Yes

No data

1-10
S. subspicatus, 8.8 (gmv.), Tab. 4.23

Human health hazard class 2E

Section 4.4

Cationic surfactants

Environmental hazard class 1

C9, C10 dialkyldimethylammonium chloride; isononyl (CAS No. 138698-36-9)

No

No

£ 1
C(16-18)2, M. aeruginosa, 0.05, Tab. 5.6

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions

Section 5.2

C(10)2 dialkyldimethylammonium chloride (CAS No. 7173-51-5)

No

No

£ 1
C(16-18)2, M. aeruginosa, 0.05, Tab. 5.6

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions

Section 5.2

Dicocodimethylammonium chloride (avg. C12) CAS No. 61789-77-3)

No

No

£ 1 C(16-18)2, M. aeruginosa, 0.05, Tab. 5.6

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions

Section 5.2

C(12-15)2 dialkyldimethylammonium chloride (CAS No.68910-56-5)

No

No

£ 1
C(16-18)2, M. aeruginosa, 0.05, Tab. 5.6

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions

Section 5.2

C(16-18)2 dialkyldimethylammonium chloride (CAS No.61789-80-8)

No

No

£ 1
C(16-18)2, M. aeruginosa, 0.05, Tab. 5.6

Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions

Section 5.2

Environmental hazard class 3A

C16 alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (CAS No. 57-09-0)

No

Yes/No

£ 1
C16, S. capricornutum, 0.09, Tab. 5.2

Convincing evidence for aerobic aquatic biodegradability
Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions
>10%: Human health hazard class 2E
<5%: Human health hazard class 4E

Section 5.1

C16 alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (CAS No. 112-02-7)

No

Yes/No

£ 1
C12, M. aeruginosa, 0.12, Tab. 5.2

Convincing evidence for aerobic aquatic biodegradability
Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions
Human health hazard class 2E

Section 5.1

C16-18 alkyltrimethylammonium chloride

No

Yes/No

£ 1
C12, M. aeruginosa, 0.12, Tab. 5.2

Convincing evidence for aerobic aquatic biodegradability
Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions

Section 5.1

Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium bromides; benzalkonium bromides
(CAS No. 91080-29-4)

No

Yes/No

£ 1
C12-14 ADMBAC,
C. pyrenidosa, 0.67, Tab. 5.10

Convincing evidence for aerobic aquatic biodegradability
Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions
>10%: Human health hazard class 2D
5-10%: Human health hazard class 3D
<5%: Human health hazard class 4D

Section 5.3

Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorides; benzalkonium chlorides
(CAS Nos. 8001-54-5, 68391-01-5, 68424-85-1, 85409-22-9, 61789-71-7)

No

Yes/No

£ 1
C12-14, C. pyrenidosa, 0.67, Tab. 5.10

Convincing evidence for aerobic aquatic biodegradability
Not ultimately biodegradable under anoxic conditions
>10%: Human health hazard class 2D
5-10%: Human health hazard class 3D
<5%: Human health hazard class 4D

Section 5.3

Environmental hazard class 4

Esterquat

Yes

No data

1-10
Fish, 3.0, Tab. 5.13

Human health hazard class 30

Section 5.4

Diesterquat

Yes

No data

1-10
O. mykiss, 7.0, Tab. 5.13

Human health hazard class 00

Section 5.4

DEEDMAC

Yes

No data

1-10
S. capricornutum, 2.9, Tab. 5.13

 

Section 5.4

Amphoteric surfactants

Environmental hazard class 4

Cocoamidopropyl betaine
(CAS Nos. 61789-40-0, 83138-08-3, 86438-79-1)

Yes

No data

1-10
B. rerio, 2.0, Tab. 6.2

>20%: Human health hazard class 3E
<20%: Human health hazard class 4E

Section 6.1

C12-14 alkyl betaine

Yes

No data

1-10
C12-14, alga, 2.5, Tab. 6.2

 

Section 6.1

Complexing agents

Environmental hazard class 3

Phosphonates

No

No

10-100
HEDP, D. magna, <25, Tab. 7.2

The apparent toxicity determined in tests with algae is neglected

Section 7.2

EDTA
(CAS No. 60-00-4)

No

No

10-100

Human health hazard class 3D

Section 7.6

NTA
(CAS No. 139-13-9)

No

No data

>100-200

Human health hazard class 3B

Section 7.7

Environmental hazard class 4

Polycarboxylates
(P(AA), CAS No. 9003-01-4, and P(AA-MA), CAS No. 52255-49-9)

No

No

>100-1,000

Human health hazard class 5E

Section 7.3

Disodium citrate (CAS No. 144-33-2) and trisodium citrate (CAS No. 68-04-2)

Yes

No

> 500

Human health hazard class 4E

Section 7.4

Zeolite (CAS No. 1318-02-1)

Not applicable

No

>100-1,000

Human health hazard class 4E

Section 7.5

Preservatives

Environmental hazard class 0

Butylparaben (CAS No. 94-26-8)

Yes

Yes

1-10
(estimated from data for other parabens, Tab. 8.7)

Assessment of aquatic toxicity based on ethyl-, methyl-, and propylparaben Human health hazard class 4D

Section 8.2

Benzyl alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6)

Yes

No

10-100
D. magna, 55

Human health hazard class 3D

Section 8.2

Phenoxyethanol (CAS No. 122-99-6)

Yes

No

10-100

 

Section 8.2

Environmental hazard class 1

2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol) (CAS No. 52-51-7)

No

No

£ 1
S. capricornutum, 0.37, Tab. 8.9

>10%: Human health hazard class 2D
5-10%: Human health hazard class 3D
<5%: Human health hazard class 3D

Section 8.3

5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol (Triclosan) (CAS No. 3380-34-5)

No

Yes

£ 1
P. promelas, 0.25

Human health hazard class 4D

Section 8.4

Environmental hazard class 3A

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CAS No. 2682-20-4)

No

No

£ 1 Kathon, D. magna, 0.16, Tab. 8.1

Convincing evidence for aerobic aquatic biodegradability
<0.6% (Kathon): Human health hazard class 5A
>0.6% (Kathon): Human health hazard class 2A

Section 8.1

5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CAS No. 26172-55-4)

No

No

£ 1
Kathon, D. magna, 0.16, Tab. 8.1

Convincing evidence for aerobic aquatic biodegradability

Section 8.1

Environmental hazard class 3

Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (CAS No. 35691-65-7)

Yes

No

£ 1
Alga, 0.15

 

Section 8.4

Environmental hazard class 4

Ethylparaben (CAS No. 120-47-8)

Yes

No

10-100
P. subcapitata, 18, Tab. 8.7

Human health hazard class 4D

Section 8.2

Methylparaben (CAS No. 99-76-3)

Yes

No

10-100
D. magna, 11.2, Tab. 8.7

Human health hazard class 4D

Section 8.2

Propylparaben (CAS No. 94-13-3)

Yes

No

10-100
P. subcapitata, 15, Tab. 8.7

Human health hazard class 4D

Section 8.2

Bleaching agents

Environmental hazard class 3

Sodium hypochlorite (CAS No. 7681-52-9)

Not applicable

Not applicable

£ 1
(see text, Section 9.3.1)

NaOCl is rapidly inactivated in the sewer via reactions with other substances. Possible risk of formation of toxic chloroorganic compounds.
Human health hazard class 2D

Section 9.3

Sodium dichloroisocyanurate(CAS No. 2893-78-9) and potassium dichloroisocyanurate (CAS No. 2244-21-5)

Not applicable

No

£ 1
D. magna, 0.23 (gmv.), Tab. 9.5

>10%: Human health hazard class 2E
<10%: Human health hazard class 4E

Section 9.4

 

Environmental hazard class 4

 

 

 

 

 

Perborates

Not applicable

No

10-100

Human health hazard class 20

Section 9.2

TAED (CAS No. 10543-57-4)

Yes

No

> 100

Human health hazard class 5E

Section 9.1

Acids and bases

Environmental hazard class 4

Acetic acid (CAS No. 64-19-7)

Yes

No

10-100

>90%: Human health hazard class 1E
25-90%: Human health hazard class 2E
10-25%: Human health hazard class 3E
< 10%: Human health hazard class 4E

Section 10.1

Citric acid (CAS No. 77-92-9)

Yes

No

> 100

>20%: Human health hazard class 3E
<20%: Human health hazard class 4E

Section 10.2

Solvents

Environmental hazard class 2

1-Decanol (CAS No. 112-30-1)

Yes

Yes

1-10
L. idus, 1.9 (gmv.), Tab. 11.1

 

Section 11.4

Environmental hazard class 4

Ethanol (CAS No. 64-17-5)

Yes

No

>1,000

Human health hazard class 5D

Section 11.1

Isopropanol (CAS No. 67-63-0)

Yes

No

>1,000

Human health hazard class 3D

Section 11.2

2-Butoxy ethanol (CAS No. 111-76-2)

Yes

No

>500

 

Section 11.3

Butoxy diglycol (CAS No. 112-34-5)

Yes

No

>1,000

 

Section 11.5

Propylene glycol (CAS No. 57-55-6)

Yes

No

>1,000

Human health hazard class 4D

Section 11.6

Glycerol (CAS No. 56-81-5)

Yes

No

>1,000

 

Section 11.7

2-Amino ethanol (CAS No. 141-43-5)

Yes

No

>100

 

Section 11.8

Dipropylene glycol (CAS No. 25265-71-8)

No

No

>1,000

 

Section 11.9

Fragrances

Environmental hazard class 1

Polycyclic musks, AHTN (CAS No. 1506-02-1, 21145-77-7)

No

Yes

£ 1
P. promelas, 0.10, Tab. 12.3

 

Section 12.2

Polycyclic musks, HHCB (CAS No. 1222-05-5)

No

Yes

£ 1
P. promelas, >0.14, Tab. 12.3

 

Section 12.2

Camphene (CAS No. 79-92-5)

No

Yes

£ 1
D. rerio, 0.72

 

Section 12.3

2-Pinene (CAS No. 80-56-8)

No

Yes

£ 1
P. promelas, 0.28

 

Section 12.4