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Fate and Effects of Triclosan
Table of Contents
Preface
Summary
Sammenfatning
1 Introduction
2 Fate of Triclosan in wastewater treatment plants
2.1 Studies of Triclosan degradation in laboratory tests
2.1.1 Batch activated sludge mineralisation test
2.1.2 CAS test
2.2 Monitoring of Triclosan at wastewater treatment plants in the U.S.A.
2.3 Occurrence of Triclosan at wastewater treatment plants in Switzerland
2.4 Triclosan in samples of sludge and waste water from Swedish WWTPs
2.4.1 Sludge samples
2.4.2 Wastewater samples
2.5 Measurements of Triclosan at two Danish WWTPs
2.6 The relative quality of Danish WWTPs
2.7 Summary of the fate of Triclosan in WWTPs
3 Aquatic risk assessment of Triclosan
3.1 Fate of Triclosan in aquatic environments
3.1.1 Triclosan concentrations in U.S. rivers
3.1.2 Triclosan concentration in surface water and sediment in Sweden
3.1.3 Occurrence of Triclosan in surface water in Switzerland
3.1.4 Photochemical transformation of Triclosan in surface water
3.1.5 Triclosan at the discharge point of WWTPs
3.1.6 PEC for the aquatic compartment
3.2 Effects of Triclosan in aquatic environments
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Bioaccumulation in fish
3.3 Risk assessment of Triclosan in surface water
4 Terrestrial risk assessment of Triclosan
4.1 Fate of Triclosan in soil
4.1.1 Sorption and mobility in soil
4.1.2 Biodegradation in soil
4.1.3 Concentrations in Swedish soil samples
4.1.4 PEC for the soil compartment
4.2 Effects of Triclosan on terrestrial organisms
4.2.1 Toxicity to soil-living organisms
4.2.2 Toxicity to birds
4.3 Risk assessment for the soil compartment
5 Discussion and conclusions
6 Bibliography
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