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Ecolabelling of printed matter - part II

Contents

Preface

Summary article

• New perspective on environmental impact of printed matter
  • Introduction
  • Background and purpose
  • Principal conclusions

Sammenfattende artikel

• Nyt syn på miljøbelastningen fra tryksager
  • Baggrund og formål
  • Hovedkonklusioner
  • Projektresultater

Summary and conclusions

• Goal and scope definition
• Methodology
• Results
• Interpretation
• Conclusion

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Goal and scope definition
  • 1.1.1 Goal definition
  • 1.1.2 Scope definition

2 Inventory

• 2.1 Composition of raw materials
  • 2.1.1 Film
  • 2.1.2 Film developer
  • 2.1.3 Fixer
  • 2.1.4 Biocides
  • 2.1.5 Plates
  • 2.1.6 Plate developer
  • 2.1.7 Gumming agent
  • 2.1.8 Paper
  • 2.1.9 Alcohol (IPA)
  • 2.1.10 Printing ink
  • 2.1.11 Fountain solution
  • 2.1.12 Lacquer
  • 2.1.13 Glue
  • 2.1.14 Cleaning agents
• 2.2 Consumption of raw materials
• 2.3 Emissions
• 2.4 Scenarios
  • 2.4.1 Scenario 1: Average energy
  • 2.4.2 Scenario 2: Saturated paper market
  • 2.4.3 Scenario 3: Variation in paper spillage
  • 2.4.4 Scenario 4: Variation in printing ink consumption
  • 2.4.5 Scenario 5: Waste water treatment included
  • 2.4.6 Scenario 6: Alternative biocide agent for rinsing water
  • 2.4.7 Scenario 7: No waste water emitted

3 Impact assessment

• 3.1 Methodology
  • 3.1.1 Classification
  • 3.1.2 Characterisation
  • 3.1.3 Normalisation
  • 3.1.4 Weighting
• 3.2 Characterisation factors for the chemical-related impact categories
  • 3.2.1 New characterisation factors for ecotoxicity
• 3.3 Results of impact assessment: Reference scenario
  • 3.3.1 Normalized reference scenario
  • 3.3.2 Weighted reference scenario
• 3.4 Results of impact assessment: Average energy (scenario 1)
  • 3.4.1 Comparison with other LCA studies on printed matter
• 3.5 Results of impact assessment: Saturated paper market (scenario 2)
• 3.6 Results of impact assessment: Variation in paper waste (scenario 3)
• 3.7 Results of impact assessment: Variation in printing ink consumption (scenario 4)
• 3.8 Results of impact assessment: Waste water treatment included (scenario 5)
• 3.9 Results of impact assessment: Alternative biocide agent for rinse water (scenario 6)
• 3.10 Results of impact assessment: No waste water emitted (scenario 7)

4 Interpretation

• 4.1 Sensitivity analysis
  • 4.1.1 Alternative normalisation references and weighting factors
  • 4.1.2 Allocation for paper production
  • 4.1.3 Most important factors for the LCA profile
  • 4.1.4 Excluded processes
• 4.2 Conclusion

5 Critical review

• 5.1 Result of the critical review
  • 5.1.1 Methodology
  • 5.1.2 Data
  • 5.1.3 Interpretation
  • 5.1.4 Report

6 References

Annex A Inventory sources

• A.1 Material stage
  • A.1.1 Forestry
  • A.1.2 Pulp and Paper production
  • A.1.3 Agriculture (Soybeans)
  • A.1.4 Extraction and refining of oil
  • A.1.5 Water
  • A.1.6 Electricity
• A.2 Production stage
  • A.2.1 Repro
  • A.2.2 Plate making
  • A.2.3 Printing
  • A.2.4 Finishing
  • A.2.5 Cleaning
• A.3 Energy consumption at printing industry
• A.4 Recovery/Disposal

Annex B Data on model and real world printing companies

• B.1 Data on model sheet fed offset printing Company
• B.2 Data on eleven real world offset printing companies

Annex C Inventory data for the reference scenario

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Version 1.0 August 2006, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency