Miljøforhold ved vedligehold renovering og
nybyggeri i hotel- restaurant- og turistvirksomheder
3. Summary
The project took place in the period between March 1998 and April 2000. The project focussed on the environmental considerations that occur during the construction, maintenance, and renovation of hotel buildings. The purpose of the project was to integrate these into HORESTA’s (National Employers' Association and Trade Association of the Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Industry in Denmark) environmental management tool-box "Environment 2100" for the hotel, restaurant and tourism industry by:
 | presenting branch-specific environmentally correct solutions for during the construction, maintenance, and renovation |
| disseminating these solutions via the HORESTA "Environment 2100" toolbox, and other information material developed in conjunction with the branch-specific environmental management project |
The results of the project are also presented in the relevant brochures in the HORESTA "Environment 2100" toolbox.
The project was implemented in co-operation with 2 companies, which acted as the case studies – Hotel Prindsen in Roskilde and Ishøj Hotel.
The part of the project implemented at Hotel Prindsen covers a large extension to the existing buildings. The new construction consisted of new wing with 26 rooms, including the usual features such as bathrooms, corridors, and storerooms, as well as ventilation, lighting and heating facilities.
The part of the project implemented at Ishøj Hotel covers a maintenance task, consisting of the replacement of a variety of fixtures and the maintenance of surfaces.
3.1 Methodology
The methodology developed and described in the publication "Handbook of Environmental Management in Project Design" (BPS Publication 121) has been used as the basis methodology for the integration of environmental aspects in this project.
The project started with the initial environmental review of Hotel Prindsen and Ishøj Hotel, where the most significant environmental aspects were identified (see chapter 7). On the basis of the environmental review at Hotel Prindsen, environmental targets and an environmental management programme were developed for the Hotel Prindsen project (see section 10.2). The environmental management programme addresses the technical actions that need to be implemented to fulfil the environmental targets (see section 10.3).
In the case of Ishøj Hotel, the maintenance tasks were not part of a large overall project but rather constituted a series of smaller, separate projects. The management therefore decided that it was not relevant to develop environmental targets and an environmental management programme. Instead, environmental studies were conducted of the individual maintenance tasks.
The state of the art for integrating environmental considerations into the projects at Hotel Prindsen and Ishøj Hotel has been reviewed, and is presented in chapter 6.
The initial environmental review and the state of the art for integrating environmental considerations into the projects are described below. They have been divided into the following areas:
| specific characteristics of the branch (3.2) |
| significant environmental aspects (3.3) |
| environmental performance indicators (3.4) |
| frequency for maintenance and replacement of selected building materials and equipment (3.5) |
3.2 Specific Characteristics
The review of the hotel, restaurant and tourism branch revealed the following specific characteristics for the branch:
| lifetime |
| great wear and tear as well as dirt exposure |
| strain at peak times |
| appearance and image important |
| frequent changes in staff/guests/customers |
| registration of consumption |
The above characteristics are described in more detail in chapter 6.
3.3 Significant Environmental Aspects
The significant environmental aspects from construction, maintenance and renovation, presented and categorised into individual life cycle phases in the "Handbook of Environmental Management in Project Design" (BPS Publication 121), are reviewed and presented in the form of procedures. These procedures have been developed for maintenance tasks as well as for renovation and construction work (see chapter 7).
3.4 Environmental Performance Indicators
Environmental Performance Indicators (EPIs) are suggested for each individual environmental aspect. The EPIs can be used to register resource consumption in different parts of a hotel. The EPIs can also be used to document resource consumption over a period of time, and thereby monitor that environmental management activities are having the expected results.
The separate brochure on EPIs in the HORESTA Environment 2001 toolbox can supplement the information on EPIs presented in chapter 8 of this report.
3.5 Frequency for maintenance and replacement of selected building materials and fixtures
A list of maintenance and replacement frequencies has been developed for selected building materials and equipment in hotels on the basis of the review of the two companies in the case studies and the experiences of other relevant companies.
Both maintenance and replacement activities are the source of significant environmental aspects besides disturbing the day-to-day operations of hotels and restaurants. It is important to reduce the significance of these environmental aspects by avoiding unessential maintenance and replacement, by for example selecting the correct surface treatment materials and fixtures whose robustness and durability match the use to which they will be applied.
The list of maintenance and replacement frequencies is presented in chapter 9.
3.6 Results from the Companies in the Case Studies
The results of the studies undertaken in the course of the project, both at Hotel Prindsen and at Ishøj Hotel, are collected and reported in the HORESTA Environment 2100 toolbox. The approaches and solutions are presented in the Environment 2100 brochures and in Appendix A to this report.
The management at Hotel Prindsen, represented by hotel owner Martin Bank, and the management at Ishøj Hotel, represented by Director Birgit Rasmussen, have answered the test and evaluation forms, developed to test the fixtures, renovation and construction brochures in the HORESTA Environment 2100 toolbox. At Hotel Prindsen, the test and evaluation forms were examined by the management; Per Willaume Andersen (Engineer), Tegnestuen Bondetinget; and Mette Skovbjerg (Architect), Varmings Tegnestue.
Corrections to the brochures have subsequently been included in the final versions of the brochures. Both case study companies found the brochures very useful, especially when used as an environmental checklist for construction, maintenance and renewal tasks.
Ishøj Hotel
Meetings were regularly held at Ishøj Hotel during the project’s progress to discuss the maintenance tasks that were being carried out.
A list has been developed, based on the results of those meetings, describing the approaches and solutions that can be used to achieve the best possible reduction of environmental aspects. The list is included in the brochure in the HORESTA Environment 2100 toolbox, and is also included in Appendix A to this report. In addition, section 10.4 contains a short description of the environmental studies that have been undertaken at Ishøj Hotel. After the meetings, Ishøj Hotel’s management examined these and decided which approaches and solutions should be taken into effect.
Hotel Prindsen
The planning phase of the construction project at Hotel Prindsen was delayed on numerous occasions, and even stopped at certain points in time, due to financial disagreements. The delays mean that it has not been possible to include the final results of the planning into this project, as construction was not complete at the time this report has been made. It has though been possible to implement the whole planning phase of the project, and implement environmental approaches and solutions throughout the planning process.
Throughout the whole planning phase, two specific factors have limited the opportunities for implementing environmental activities in the project, these were:
- time
- economy
Method
The project at Hotel Prindsen started with an expression of interest from the management, stating their interest in participating in the project. Meetings were then held with the management at the hotel, and a walk through of the company conducted in connection with the environmental review. RAMBØLL and the management at the hotel then held a series of meetings where the environmental goals and targets for the project were discussed. Section 7.2 describes the considerations that were made in the development of environmental goals and targets for Hotel Prindsen.
Subsequently a procedure was developed (see Appendix B), where the environmental goals and targets are presented together with possible solutions and approaches. Every approach and solution has been examined during the course of the project and assessed in terms of its applicability and relevance to the project.
The results of all procedures that have been examined in this project are presented in Appendix C.
3.7 Conclusion
It can be concluded that this project has made a significant contribution to the HORESTA Environment 2100 toolbox. The following sections in Environment 2100 contain sections on renovation and construction:
| Heating |
| Electricity |
| Water |
| Waste |
| Transport |
| Substances which damage health and the environment |
| Noise and smell |
| Occupational health and safety |
Two separate brochures have been developed on the basis of input from this project:
| Fixtures |
| Renovation and construction |
In connection with the test of the brochures, the branch has in general received the lists of approaches and solutions to reducing the environmental aspects from maintenance, renovation and construction work with great interest. Building owners, architects and engineers especially, have stated that the brochures can be used as environmental checklists in connection with both large and small planning tasks.
It can be concluded that it has been possible to integrate environmental actions into the maintenance and construction projects at the two companies used as case studies. In this way, both companies have become more environmentally friendly.
It can also be concluded that those actions and solutions, which, in addition to reducing the significance of environmental aspects, also provide financial savings and better comfort levels for guests and employees, are easier to integrate into projects. On the other hand, integrating those actions and solutions, which do not provide financial savings and better comfort levels for guests and employees, can be especially difficult. This is because time and economy are still the all-decisive factors when the management in a company has to make a decision on the approach and solution to be used.