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Effects of azole fungicides on the function of sex and thyroid hormones

Contents

Preface

Sammenfatning

Summary

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Background
• 1.2 Project Objectives
• 1.3 Hypothesis and Strategy

2 Methods for testing endocrine disrupting effects of azole fungicides

• 2.1 In vitro testing
  • 2.1.1 Estrogen/anti-estrogen testing – MCF-7 cells
  • 2.1.2 Aromatase testing – MCF-7 cells
  • 2.1.3 Cytotoxicity inMCF-7 cells
  • 2.1.4 Androgen/anti-androgen testing – AR-assay
  • 2.1.5 Ah receptor testing – CALUX assay
  • 2.1.6 Steroid synthesis testing – H295R cells
  • 2.1.7 Thyroid testing – GH3 thyroid assay (T-Screen)
• 2.2 In vivo testing
  • 2.2.1 Anti-androgenic testing – Hershberger test
  • 2.2.2 Developmental effects on offspring after perinatal exposure
• 2.3 Statistical analyses
  • 2.3.1 In vitro and in vivo Hershberger test
  • 2.3.2 Developmental Study

3 Results - Endocrine disrupting effects of azole fungicides

• 3.1 In vitro effects
  • 3.1.1 Estrogenic/anti-estrogenic effects of azole fungicides
  • 3.1.2 Aromatase effects of azole fungicides
  • 3.1.3 Anti-androgenic effects of azole fungicides
  • 3.1.4 Dioxin-like effects of azole fungicides – Ah-receptor testing
  • 3.1.5 Steroid synthesis effects of azole fungicides
  • 3.1.6 Thyroid effects of azole fungicides
• 3.2 In vivo effects
  • 3.2.1 Anti-androgenic effects in the Hershberger test
  • 3.2.2 Effects on offspring after prenatal exposure
• 3.3 Overview of results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

6 Perspectives

• 6.1 Research perspectives
• 6.2 Regulatory perspectives

7 References

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Version 1.0 October 2007, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency