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The indoor and outdoor concentrations of particulate air-pollution and PAHs in different size fractions and assessment of exposure and health impacts in the Copenhagen population

Contents

Preface

Summary and conclusions

Sammenfatning og Konklusion

• Baggrund og formål
• Undersøgelsen
• Hovedkonklusioner
• Projektresultater

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Background
• 1.2 Purpose of the study

2 Experimental methods

• 2.1 Sampling conditions
• 2.2 Description of field sites
• 2.2.1 The Jagtvej apartment (Jagtvej_IN)
• 2.2.2 The Jagtvej street canyon (Jagtvej_EXT)
• 2.2.3 The National Institute of Occupational Health, Denmark (NIOH)
• 2.3 Indoor and outdoor meteorology
• 2.4 Collection of particulate matter and volatile compounds
• 2.4.1 Collection of PM1, PM2.5 and Inhalable dust
• 2.4.2 Collection of volatile compounds
• 2.5 Analysis of PAHs
• 2.5.1 Pressurized Liquid Extraction of glass fibre filters and Tenax TA
• 2.5.2 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis

3 PM in indoor and outdoor air

• 3.1 PM1, PM2.5 and PMinh
• 3.1.1 Intrasite relationships and prediction of missing PM data
• 3.1.2 Outdoor-outdoor relationships and prediction of missing data
• 3.1.3 The contribution from traffic to the particulate air-pollution
• 3.1.4 Indoor-outdoor relationships
• 3.2 Seasonal variation and comparison with PM guidelines
• 3.2.1 Seasonal variation
• 3.2.2 Comparison with air-pollution guidelines
• 3.3 Evaluation of particle induced health effects
• 3.3.1 Assessment of adverse health effects related to PM2.5
• 3.3.2 Increase per million per 10 g/m3 increase in PM2.5
• 3.3.3 Health effect assessment based on the PM2.5 distribution function

4 PAHs in indoor and outdoor air

• 4.1 Evaluation and description of PAH-concentrations
• 4.1.1 Distribution of PAHs on the glass fibre filters and Tenax TA
• 4.1.2 Artifacts influencing the measured concentrations of PAHs
• 4.1.3 Occurrence of the measured PAHs
• 4.2 Indoor-outdoor relationships for PAHs associated with PM2.5
• 4.2.1 Street to background relationships
• 4.2.2 Indoor-outdoor relationships
• 4.2.3 The contribution from traffic to PAHs in the indoor air
• 4.3 Seasonal variation of the PAH concentrations
• 4.4 Health effect evaluation based on the PAH measurements

5 Conclusions

6 Reference list

Appendix A

• Meteorological wind data

Appendix B

• Description of collection methods and filter weighing procedure
• PM measurements
• Filter cleaning and weighing procedure
• Mass-Loss Correction for Mass Concentration Measurements

Appendix C

• List of PAH names, abbreviations, structures, etc.

Appendix D

• Analysis of PAHs
• Solvents and standards
• Sample preparation
• Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) of filters and Tenax TA
• High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of extracts
• Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
• Validation of the method
• Data treatment

Appendix E

• HPLC raw data tables - PAH concentrations in extracts from filters. Tenax TA sample and backup tubes and blanks

Appendix F

• Tables of measured concentrations of PAHs in indoor, outdoor and urban background air

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Version 1.0 May 2005, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency