| Preface |
|
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| Part I |
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| Chapter 1 |
The Danish-Polish
environmental co-operation |
|
Overview and
results |
|
Poland has developed to be a country with success in
environmental protection. Between 1991 and 1999 Poland covered about 90 per cent of their
own environmental expenditures. Denmark plays an important role in the Polish
environmental improvements by contributing with more than 35 per cent of the total
bilateral environmental assistance to Poland. |
| |
| Chapter 2 |
Helping Eastern Europe - and
ourselves |
|
The
Danish Environmental Assistance |
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The Danish environmental policy is based on the knowledge that
environmental problems cannot be solved nationally.
Denmark has donated more than DKK 3 billion (USD 0,34 billion) in environmental
assistance; this makes Denmark one of the biggest national environmental donor to Eastern
Europe. |
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| Chapter 3 |
The Danish environmental
assistance to Poland |
|
Until year 2000 Denmark has supported as much as 232
environmental projects in Poland with the amount of DKK 635,6 million (around USD 73
million) which makes Denmark one of the largest bilateral environmental donor to Poland.
Besides the environmental effects the partnership also has an important political effect
of making Poland able to fulfil the environmental requirements for the EU membership. |
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| Chapter 4 |
The transition of the Polish
environment |
|
The
Polish environmental strategy |
|
The Polish transition to market economy played an important
role in the development of the country - also in terms of environmental development. This
was clear in 1991, when the First National Environmental Policy, the NEP I was adopted.
Today, complying with the EU environmental regulation is one of the most important aspects
in the Polish environmental priorities. |
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| Chapter 5 |
The sector integrated environmental
assistance |
|
Environmental
co-operation around the Baltic Sea. |
|
In 1998 the countries around the Baltic Sea adopted the
Danish Environmental Sector Programmes. The objective of the programme is to support
sustainable development in all sectors in the Baltic Sea area and to assist in the
adaptation to EU legislation and establishment of implementing systems. The activities of
the sector-integrated environment programme are schedules as partnerships between a range
of Danish or government agencies and their colleagues in recipient countries. |
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| Chapter 6 |
Future perspectives |
|
The new DANCEE strategy |
|
The new DANCEE strategy for the environmental assistance to
the Eastern Europe covers the period from 2001-2006. The sectors of air, waste, water,
biodiversity will be in focus, but because the EU accession is an overall objective to
most of the countries, which are co-operating with DANCEE, future projects will also focus
on fulfilling the EU environmental legislation. |
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| Part II |
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| Chapter 7 |
The DANCEE projects |
|
Sustainable development has been a keyword in the Danish
Polish environmental development projects. The projects are divided into different
sectors, which all have a special environmental priority; air, water, waste, biodiversity,
cleaner technology, awareness raising and education and EU accession. |
| |
| Chapter 8 |
Air |
|
Coal and coke-fired power plants generates
almost 80 per cent of the energy used in district heating in Poland. This causes serious
air polluting problems, which is a threat to the environment and to the public health.
Fortunately, the tendency shows that Poland is moving towards better air-quality, because
of a purposive effort. Projects described:
Waste
water treatment and gypsum handling at Dolna Odra Power Plant
Exploitation of Geothermal
Energy |
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| Chapter 9 |
Water |
|
Poland is poorer in water resources than most
European countries.
Therefore water consumption and waste water treatment are environmental priorities in
Poland. 49 per cent of all DANCEE projects covers municipal waste water treatment. Most
waste water in Poland run off to the Baltic Sea, therefore one of the Danish priorities in
the water sector is to protect the Baltic Sea. The DANCEE supported projects have caused a
reduction of the discharge of organic pollutants and nutrients to the Baltic Sea by 14 per
cent.Projects described:
Waste
water Treatment and water Quality in the Narew River Basin
Ostrow Grabowski
Waste Water Treatment Plant
Poznan
Central Waste Water Treatment Plant, Supply of ICA/STAR system |
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| Chapter 10 |
Waste |
|
The quantity of waste landfilled in Poland has doubled over
the last 15 years. This is mainly caused by the increase of living standards and by the
diversity of consumer goods. Even though there is a tendency among companies and the
authorities of growing care of waste management, waste is still one of the greatest
environmental problems in Poland. Projects described:
Waste
management and recycling in Podhale Region, Poland
Ship-generated Waste |
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| Chapter 11 |
Biodiversity |
|
Poland is one of the European countries with the
highest level of biodiversity and the largest areas of almost intact nature.
The wealth of flora and fauna is in some areas unique, not only to Europe but to the whole
world. To protect these areas and species Poland has almost 2000 protected areas and
parks.Projects described:
Bialowieza
Forest - Sustainable Management of Nature and Forestry |
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| Chapter 12 |
Cleaner technology |
|
New and cleaner technology is one way to improve
the environment.
The overall objective with the projects on implementation of cleaner technology is to
create a kind of synthesis so an increasing production can go hand in hand with an
increasing protection of the environment.Project described:
Cleaner technology in
the textile industry |
| Chapter 13 |
Awareness raising and education |
|
The fundamental political, social and economic
changes in Poland have led to more environmental awareness among the Polish people.
Citizens more actively are taking care of and are involved in the development of a better
environment. Also from central level things have changed. Environmental education is now a
political priority. Project described:
Bialowieza
Forest - Sustainable Management of Nature and Forestry |
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| Chapter 14 |
The EU approximation |
|
The future membership of the European Union is
an important motivation behind the Polish efforts to improve the environment. Being an
integrated part of the European community requires that the country fulfils the EU
legislation and the European environmental standards. Fulfilling the European standards is
not only a question of the future accession it is also a key criterion for obtaining
support from other countries. Project described:
Assistance
to Poland on the implementation of the EU directive of Integrated Pollution Prevention
& Control
Project
to Assist Poland in the Implementation of the Access to Information Directive, the EIA
Directive and the Aarhus Convention |
| |
| Chapter 15 |
Dancee Assistance to Flood
Protection |
|
The floodings in Poland in the summer of 1997
caused extensive damages in the country, both to buildings and infrastructure, and meant
the evacuation of citizens on a large scale. Project described:
Assistance to water supply
Prevention and Forecasting |
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| Part III |
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| Background |
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| Enclosure 1:
Country characteristics |
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| Enclosure 2: The
EU instruments, Phare Ispa and Sapard |
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| Enclosure 3: List
of projects 1991-2000 |
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| Enclosure 4:
Environmental effects from Dancee projects in Poland |
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| Enclosure 5: List
of abbreviations |
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| Enclosure 6: List
of relevant web-sites |
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| Enclosure 7:
Exchange rates |
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| Enclosure 8: List
of references |