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Ecotoxocicological assessment of antifouling biocides and non-biocidal antifouling
paints
Table of Contents
Preface
Summary
1. Introduction
2. Copper
2.1 Copper concentrations measured in the vicinity of
pleasure craft harbours
2.2 Transformation and bioavailability of copper in water and
sediment
2.3 Release and sequestration of copper in sediments
2.4 Bioaccumulation and aquatic toxicity
2.4.1 Bioaccumulation
2.4.2 Toxicity to aquatic organisms
2.5 Assessment of copper
3. Sea-Nine
3.1 Physico-chemical properties
3.2 Biodegradation of DCOI in the aquatic environment
3.2.1 Primary degradation in seawater
3.2.2 Mineralization and metabolites in aerobic sediment
3.2.3 Mineralization and metabolites in anoxic sediment
3.2.4 Transformation and fate of DCOI in a harbour
3.3 Bioaccumulation and aquatic toxicity
3.3.1 Bioaccumulation
3.3.2 Toxicity towards aquatic organisms
3.4 Risk assessment of DCOI
4. Zinc pyrithione
4.1 Physico-chemical properties
4.2 Abiotic degradation
4.3 Biodegradation of zinc pyrithione in the aquatic
environment
4.3.1 Mineralization and metabolites in aerobic sediment
4.3.2 Mineralization and metabolites in anoxic sediment
4.4 Toxicity to aquatic organisms
4.5 Assessment of zinc pyrithione and metabolites
4.6 Risk assessment of zinc pyrithione
5. Non-biocidal paints
5.1 Investigations of non-biocidal paints
5.2 Leaching and ecotoxicological tests
5.3 Assessment of non-biocidal paints
6. Conclusion
7. References
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