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AMAP Greenland and the Faroe Islands 1997-2001
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
1 Atmospheric environment
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Atmospheric Monitoring
1.2.1 Location and instrumentation
1.2.2 Gas and aerosol measurements
1.2.3 Elements and heavy metals
1.2.4 Ozone and mercury measurements
1.3 Atmospheric Modelling
1.3.1 The DEHM modelling system
1.3.2 Modeling of sulphur and lead
1.3.3 Modelling of mercury
1.4 Trend analysis
1.4.1 Method and results
1.5 Conclusions
1.6 References
2 Terrestrial Environment
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Heavy metals
2.2.1 Levels and spatial trends
2.2.2 Temporal trends
2.3 Peat core study
2.4 Organochlorines
2.5 Radionuclides
2.6 References
3 Fresh Water Environment
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Stable isotopes
3.3 Heavy metals
3.3.1 Spatial and temporal trends
3.4 Organochlorines
3.4.1 Levels and spatial trends
3.4.2 Temporal trends
3.5 Radionuclides
3.6 References
4 Marine Environment
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Stable isotopes
4.3 Heavy metals
4.3.1 Levels and spatial trends
4.3.2 Temporal trend
4.4 Organochlorines
4.4.1 Levels and spatial trends
4.4.2 Temporal trend
4.5 Radionuclides
4.5.1 Levels of 137Cs, 99Tc, 90Sr, and 239,240Pu in components of the marine environment
4.5.2 Plutonium in Bylot Sound - The Thule Accident 1968
4.6 Lead contamination of Greenland seabirds hunted with lead shot
4.7 Contaminant signatures as reflecting population structure
4.7.1 West Greenland narwhals
4.7.2 North Atlantic minke whales
4.8 References
5 Other contaminants
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Tributyltin (TBT)
5.3 Toxaphene
5.4 Dioxines and furanes (PCDD/Fs)
5.5 Coplanar PCBs (nPCB)
5.6 Chlorobenzene (CBz)
5.7 New chlorinated pesticides
5.8 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE)
5.9 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
5.9.1 Precipitation
5.9.2 Terrestrial Environment
5.9.3 Freshwater environment
5.9.4 Marine environment
5.10 Contaminants of future concern
5.10.1 Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)
5.10.2 Synthetic musks
5.10.3 Polychlorinated naphtalenes
5.10.4 Brominated flame retardants
5.10.5 PBDD/F
5.10.6 Triclosan
5.10.7 Aromatic amines
5.10.8 Conclusions and recommendations
5.11 References
6 Effects
6.1 Cadmium toxicity to ringed seals
6.2 Effects of contaminants in the Greenland Sea Polar bear
6.3 References
7 Conclusions and recommendations
7.1 Conclusions
7.1.1 Atmospheric environment
7.1.2 Terrestrial environment
7.1.3 Fresh water environment
7.1.4 Marine environment
7.1.5 Other contaminants
7.1.6 Effects
7.2 Recommendations
7.2.1 Atmospheric environment
7.2.2 Terrestrial Environment
7.2.3 Fresh water environment
7.2.4 Marine environment
7.2.5 Other contaminants
7.2.6 Effects
Appendix A. Cd, Hg, Se and As concentrations (mg/kg ww) in Greenland biota obtained in AMAP phase II. Mean • standard deviation.
Appendix B. Organoclorine concentrations (ng/g ww) in Greenland biota obtained in AMAP phase II. Mean • standard deviation.
Appendix C. Toxaphene concentrations (ng/g ww) in biota from Greenland. Mean ± standard deviation
Appendix D. Chlorobenzene concentrations (ng/g ww) in biota from Greenland. Mean ± standard deviation
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