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Denmark's Fourth National Communication on Climate Change

Contents

FOREWORD

INTRODUCTION

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1 National circumstances relevant to greenhouse gas emissions and removals
  • 1.1.1 General
  • 1.1.2 Energy, transport, and the domestic sector
  • 1.1.3 Business sector and waste
  • 1.1.4 Agriculture and forestry
  • 1.1.5 Greenland and the Faroe Islands
• 1.2 Greenhouse gas inventory information
  • 1.2.1 Carbon dioxide, CO₂
  • 1.2.2 Methane, CH₄
  • 1.2.3 Nitrous oxide, N₂O
  • 1.2.4 The industrial gases HFCs, PFCs and SF₆
  • 1.2.5 Denmark's, Greenland's and the Faroe Islands' total emissions and removals of greenhouse gases
  • 1.2.6 Further information under the Kyoto Protocol
• 1.3 Policies and measures
• 1.4 Projections and the total effect of policies and measures
• 1.5 Vulnerability assessment, climate change impacts and adaptation measures
  • 1.5.1 Climate development -effects and possibility for adaptation for Denmark
  • 1.5.2 Climate changes in Greenland and on the Faroe Islands
• 1.6 Financial resources and transfer of technology
• 1.7 research and systematic observations
• 1.8 Education, training and public awareness

2 NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES RELEVANT TO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS

• 2.1 Denmark
  • 2.1.1 Form of government and structure of administration
  • 2.1.2 Population
  • 2.1.3 Geography
  • 2.1.4 Climate
  • 2.1.5 Economy
  • 2.1.6 Energy
  • 2.1.7 Domestic sector
  • 2.1.8 Transport
  • 2.1.9 The business sector
  • 2.1.10 Waste
  • 2.1.11 Buildings and urban structure
  • 2.1.12 Agriculture
  • 2.1.13 Forestry
• 2.2 Greenland
  • 2.2.1 Form of government and structure of administration
  • 2.2.2 Population
  • 2.2.3 Geography
  • 2.2.4 Climate
  • 2.2.5 Economy
  • 2.2.6 Energy
  • 2.2.7 Transport
  • 2.2.8 Industry
  • 2.2.9 Waste
  • 2.2.10 Buildings and infrastructure
  • 2.2.11 Agriculture
• 2.3 The Faroe Islands
  • 2.3.1 Form of government and structure of administration
  • 2.3.2 Population
  • 2.3.3 Geography
  • 2.3.4 Climate
  • 2.3.5 Economy
  • 2.3.6 Energy
  • 2.3.7 Transport
  • 2.3.8 Industry
  • 2.3.9 Buildings and urban structure
  • 2.3.10 Agriculture
  • 2.3.11 Forestry

3 GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY INFORMATION

• 3.1 Greenhouse gas inventories
• 3.2 Denmark's emissions and removals of greenhouse gases
  • 3.2.1 Carbon dioxide, CO₂
  • 3.2.2 Methane, CH₄
  • 3.2.3 Nitrous oxide, N₂O
  • 3.2.4 The potent greenhouse gases HFCs, PFCs, and SF₆
  • 3.2.5 Denmark's total emissions and removals of greenhouse gases
  • 3.2.6 Danish emissions of indirect greenhouse gases and SO₂
• 3.3 Denmark's, Greenland's and the Faroe Islands' total emissions and removals of greenhouse gases
• 3.4 Supplemental information under the Kyoto Protocol
  • 3.4.1 National systems for greenhouse gas inventories pursuant to Article 5, Section 1 of the Protocol inventories
  • 3.4.2 Information under Article 10(a) of the Protocol on improvements of emission inventories

4 POLICIES AND MEASURES

• 4.1 Climate policy and the decision-making processes
  • 4.1.1 National action plans
  • 4.1.2 Denmark's Climate Strategy
  • 4.1.3 Progress in general concerning follow-up on the Climate Strategy
• 4.2 Measures and effects across sectors
  • 4.2.1 Allowance regulation
  • 4.2.2 The Kyoto mechanisms
  • 4.2.3 Taxes and duties
• 4.3 Other measures and effects in Denmark's economic sectors
  • 4.3.1 Energy
  • 4.3.2 Transport
  • 4.3.3 Business sector
  • 4.3.4 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries
  • 4.3.5 The domestic sector
  • 4.3.6 Waste and sewage
• 4.4 Policies and political measures in Greenland for the energy area
• 4.5 Measures for the Faroe Islands
• 4.6 Supplementary information under the Kyoto Protocol
  • 4.6.1 The national registry
  • 4.6.2 Supplementarity
  • 4.6.3 Denmark's climate efforts – a step on the way to sustainable development
  • 4.6.4 Efforts for international air transport and shipping
  • 4.6.5 Efforts to limit adverse effects in other countries
  • 4.6.6 Legislation, enforcement and administrative procedures for implementation of the Kyoto Protocol
  • 4.6.7 Strategies to mitigate climate change cf. article 10(b) of the Kyoto Protocol

5 PROJECTIONS AND THE TOTAL EFFECT OF POLICIES AND MEASURES

• 5.1 Introduction and overall effect of policies and measures
• 5.2 Energy including all activities with fuel combution within transport, military, business, agriculture, forestry, fisheries and the domestic sector
  • 5.2.1 Methods
  • 5.2.2 Assumptions and key parameters
  • 5.2.3 Results
  • 5.2.4 Sensitivity analyses and scenario calculations
• 5.3 Transport
  • 5.3.1 Methods
  • 5.3.2 Assumptions and key parameters
  • 5.3.3 Results
  • 5.3.4 Sensitivity analyses and scenario calculations
• 5.4 Industry
  • 5.4.1 Methods
  • 5.4.2 Assumptions and key parameters
  • 5.4.3 Results
  • 5.4.4 Sensitivity analyses and scenario calculations
• 5.5 Agriculture
  • 5.5.1 Methods
  • 5.5.2 Assumptions and key parameters
  • 5.5.3 Results
  • 5.5.4 Sensitivity analyses and scenario calculations
• 5.6 Forestry
  • 5.6.1 Methods
  • 5.6.2 Assumptions and key parameters
  • 5.6.3 Results
  • 5.6.4 Sensitivity analyses and scenario calculations
• 5.7 Waste
  • 5.7.1 Methods
  • 5.7.2 Assumptions and key parameters
  • 5.7.3 Results
  • 5.7.4 Sensitivity analyses and scenario calculations
• 5.8 Total emissions of greenhouse gases in the projection with measures
  • 5.8.1 Carbondioxide,CO₂
  • 5.8.2 Methane (CH₄)
  • 5.8.3 Nitrous oxide, N₂O
  • 5.8.4 Industrial gases HFCs, PFCs and SF₆
  • 5.8.5 Denmark's total greenhouse gas emissions and removals
• 5.9 Projections without measures
• 5.10 Projections with additional measures
• 5.11 Greenland and the Faroe Islands
  • 5.11.1 Greenland
  • 5.11.2 The Faroe Islands

6 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION MEASURES

• 6.1 Climate in the future
• 6.2 Climate trends in Denmark
  • 6.2.1 The latest developments
  • 6.2.2 ProjectedclimatechangesinDenmark
  • 6.2.3 Impacts and Denmark's possibilities for adaptation
• 6.3 Climate changes in Greenland
  • 6.3.1 Effects and possibility for adaptation on land
  • 6.3.2 Effects and possibility for adaptation at sea
• 6.4 Climate changes on the Faroe Islands
  • 6.4.1 Impacts and adaptation in terrestrial and marine ecosystems
• 6.5 Assessment of the significance of climate change for the whole Arctic

7 FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY

• 7.1 Danish development policy
• 7.2 Development cooperation
• 7.3 New and additional assistance funds
  • 7.3.1 Multilateral efforts
• 7.4 Assistance through the private sector
• 7.5 Assistance to developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to climate change
• 7.6 Activities in connection with technology transfer

8 RESEARCH AND SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION

• 8.1 Climate research and observations in general
• 8.2 Research
  • 8.2.1 Researchpolicyandfunding
  • 8.2.2 Climate processes and studies including palaeoclimatic studies
  • 8.2.3 Climate modelling and the climate of the future
  • 8.2.4 Effects of climate change
  • 8.2.5 Economic research, including evaluation of climate change and possibilities for mitigation
  • 8.2.6 Research and development of technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to climate change
• 8.3 Systematic climate observations
  • 8.3.1 Atmospheric climate observations, including measurements of the composition of the atmosphere
  • 8.3.2 Ice observation service
  • 8.3.3 Stratospheric observations
  • 8.3.4 Reanalyses and climate databases
  • 8.3.5 Oceanographic climate observations
  • 8.3.6 Terrestrial observations related to climate changes
  • 8.3.7 Development assistance for establishment and maintenance of observation and monitoring systems

9 EDUCATION, TRAINING AND PUBLIC AWARENESS

• 9.1 Education and postgraduate education programmes
• 9.2 Climate information
• 9.3 Danish participation in international climate activities
• 9.4 Public campaigns

ANNEXES

ANNEX A GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES 1990-2003

ANNEX B MEASURES AND THE EFFECT OF EFFORTS 1990-2001

• B1: DATA SHEETS FOR MEASURES THAT AFFECT GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
• B2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE EFFORTS ANALYSIS AND SECTION SUMMING UP THE EFFECTS OF THE MEASURES ANALYSED

ANNEX C DESCRIPTION OF SELECTEDJIPROJECTS

ANNEX D SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON THE ALLOWANCE SCHEME IN DENMARK

• D1: INSTALLATIONS COVERED BY THE ACT ON CO₂ ALLOWANCES 2005-2007
• D2: INFORMATION ON DENMARK'S NATIONAL CO₂ EMISSIONS TRADING REGISTRY

ANNEX E RESULTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION CONCERNING GREENHOUSE GAS PROJECTIONS

• E1: THE RESULTS OF DENMARK'S MAY 2005 `WITH MEASURES' PROJECTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 2004-2030
• E2: A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK INVOLVED IN PREPARING THE ENERGY PROJECTIONS.

ANNEX F DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED PROGRAMMES/PROJECTS TO ADVANCE AND/OR FINANCE TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGIES TO OTHER COUNTRIES

ANNEX G LIST OF SELECTED RECENT AND CURRENT CLIMATE-RELATED RESEARCH PROJECTS

ANNEX H DENMARK'S REPORT ON SYSTEMATIC CLIMATE OBSERVATIONS FOR THE GLOBAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SYSTEM (GCOS)

ANNEX I LITERATURE

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Version 1.0 December 2005, © Danish Environmental Protection Agency